Tools used In Vehicle Diagnostic

PRESENT BY :
AT H A R V G O V I N D S A L U N K H E
V E DA N T SA N D I P D H A N AWA D E
 Rayat Shikshan Sanstha’s
Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil Polytechnic,Satara

Tools used In Vehicle Diagnostic

Presented By
“Atharv Govind Salunkhe ”
“Vedant Sandip Dhanawade”

Diploma in Mechanical Engineering

Mentor
Prof. S.G. Sherkar

Mechanical Engineering Department

[2023 – 2024]
 INTRODUCTION
Vehicle diagnostics is the process of identifying and diagnosing
problems with a vehicle. This can be done using a variety of tools and
equipment, depending on the specific problem being investigated. It is
an essential aspect of car maintenance that involves identifying and
troubleshooting issues with a vehicle's systems. To perform diagnostics,
mechanics use various tools that help them gather data and pinpoint
the root cause of a problem. In this micro project , we will explore
some of the most common tools used for vehicle diagnostics.
 INTRODUCTION

we will explore some of the most common tools used for

vehicle diagnostics.
1. Compression tester
2. Mechanical Stethoscope
3. spark plug tester
4. Smoke machine
5. Battery tester
6. OBD-II scanner:
7. Multimeter
8. Scan tool
9. Engine code reader
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1. COMPRESSION TESTER
• A compression tester is used to
measure the compression pressure in
each cylinder of the engine. This can
be helpful for diagnosing problems
such as worn piston rings, faulty valves,
and cracked head gaskets.
Function: Compression testers
measure engine compression, which
can help diagnose engine issues like
valve problems or worn piston rings.
Here are some of the problems that can be diagnosed with a
compression tester:
1.Worn piston rings
 Replace the piston rings
2.Leaky head gasket
 Replace the head gasket.
 Use a head gasket sealer
3.Burned valve
 The only way to fix a burned valve is to replace it
4.Cracked cylinder head
 If the crack is small and in a non-critical area, it may be possible to repair it.
This can be done using a
variety of methods, including:
Pinning: .
Welding:
5.Clogged piston ring grooves
 Piston soak: This involves filling the cylinders with
a solvent, such as Berryman
B-12 Chemtool, and letting it sit overnight
 Engine flush: This involves adding a special
cleaning agent to the old oil
before draining it L;

 Decarbonizing treatment
F

6.Carbon buildup
 Fuel system cleaner
 Seafoam treatment
 Decarbonization service
Benefits of using a compression tester:
1. Identify and diagnose engine problems
2. Save money on repairs
3. Improve fuel efficiency
4. Extend the life of your engine

How to Use :
5. Warm up the engine.
6. Remove the spark plugs.
7. Screw the compression tester into the spark plug hole.
8. Crank the engine over until the compression tester needle reaches its
highest point.
9. Record the compression reading.
10. Repeat steps 3-5 for each cylinder.
Tips for using a compression tester:

1. Make sure that the engine is at operating temperature before

testing the compression pressure.
2. Remove the throttle body or air intake hose to ensure that
the engine is getting enough air.
3. Disable the fuel pump or injectors to prevent the engine from
starting.
4. Crank the engine for several seconds to get an accurate
reading.Compare the compression pressure readings for all of
the cylinders to the manufacturer's specifications.
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2. MECHANICAL STETHOSCOPE

A stethoscope can be used to listen for

abnormal noises coming from the engine and
other components.mechanical stethoscope is a
diagnostic tool that uses sound to diagnose
problems with machinery. It is similar to a
medical stethoscope, but it is designed to
amplify the sounds of machinery, such as
engines, transmissions, and bearings.
Some of the problems that can be diagnosed with a
mechanical stethoscope:

1. Knocking sound from the engine: This could be a sign of a problem

with the bearings, pistons, or connecting rods.
2. Grinding sound from the transmission: This could be a sign of a
problem with the gears or bearings.
3. Rattling sound from the driveline: This could be a sign of a problem
with the u-joints, wheel bearings, or axles.
4. Humming sound from the engine: This could be a sign of a problem
with the alternator, water pump, or power steering pump.
Benefits of using a mechanical stethoscope:
1. It is a non-invasive tool. A mechanical statoscope does not require any
disassembling or modification of the vehicle, so it is a safe and easy-to-
use tool.
2. It is a versatile tool. A mechanical statoscope can be used to listen to
sounds coming from a variety of different components, including the
engine, transmission, differential, and brakes.
3. It is a relatively inexpensive tool. Mechanical stethoscopes are relatively
inexpensive, making them a good investment for both professional
mechanics and DIY enthusiasts.
4. It is a portable tool. Mechanical stethoscopes are small and
lightweight, making them easy to carry around and use in any location.
How to Use :
1. Put on the earpieces.
2. Extend the rod to the appropriate length.
3. Place the tip of the rod on the suspected area of the engine or driveline.
4. Listen for the sound.
5. Move the rod around until you find the area where the sound is loudest.

Here are some additional tips for using a mechanical stethoscope:

6. Use a long extension rod if you are having trouble reaching the suspected area of the
engine or driveline.
7. Try using a different size diaphragm on the stethoscope to get a better sense of the
noise.
8. If you are still having trouble, try listening to the noise with a friend. One person can
hold the stethoscope and the other person can move the tip around the engine or
driveline.
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3. SPARK PLUG TESTER

• A spark plug tester is a diagnostic tool that is

used to test the spark plugs in a vehicle's
engine. Spark plugs are responsible for
igniting the air-fuel mixture in the
combustion chambers of the engine. If a
spark plug is not working properly, it can
cause the engine to misfire, run rough, or
even stall.
When to use a spark plug tester,
if you are experiencing any of the following symptoms:
1. Engine misfires
2. Engine runs rough
3. Engine stalls
4. Decreased fuel economy
5. Increased emissions

There are two main types of spark plug testers:

Inline spark plug testers: Inline spark plug testers are the most common type of spark
plug tester. They are connected between the spark plug and the spark plug wire. When
the engine is running, the inline spark plug tester will flash if the spark plug is working
properly.
Gap spark plug testers: Gap spark plug testers are used to measure the gap between the
spark plug electrodes. The gap should be set to the manufacturer's specifications. If the
gap is too large or too small, it can cause the spark plug to misfire.
 How to use a spark plug tester:

To use an inline spark plug tester, follow these steps:

1. Remove the spark plug wire from the spark plug.
2. Connect the inline spark plug tester between the spark plug and the spark
plug wire.
3. Start the engine.
4. Look for a spark at the inline spark plug tester.
5. If there is no spark, the spark plug is not working properly and needs to be
replaced.
To use a gap spark plug tester, follow these steps:
6. Remove the spark plug from the engine.
7. Place the gap spark plug tester on the spark plug electrodes.
8. Read the gap measurement on the gap spark plug tester.
9. If the gap is too large or too small, adjust the gap to the manufacturer's
specifications.
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Benefits of using a spark plug tester:
1. Identify and diagnose spark plug problems: Spark plug testers can
be used to identify and diagnose a wide range of spark plug
problems, such as misfiring spark plugs, cracked spark plugs, and
fouled spark plugs.
2. Improve engine performance: By identifying and fixing spark plug
problems early, you can improve engine performance and fuel
efficiency.
3. Extend the life of your engine: Spark plug problems can damage
your engine over time. By identifying and fixing spark plug
problems early, you can extend the life of your engine.
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4. Smoke machine:

A smoke machine is used to detect

leaks in the vehicle's vacuum system
and fuel system. Smoke is pumped into
the system and then observed for
leaks.
Other tools that may be used in vehicle
diagnostics include:

smoke machine is a diagnostic tool that

is used to detect leaks in a vehicle's
vacuum and exhaust systems. It works
by injecting a harmless smoke into the
system and then looking for signs of
leaks.
 Smoke machines are commonly used to diagnose leaks in the following
systems:

1. Evaporative emission control system (EVAP)

2. Intake system
3. Exhaust system
4. Vacuum system
5. Turbocharger system
6. Supercharger system

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 Here are some examples of leaks that can be detected with a smoke
machine:
1. Leaks in the EVAP system can cause fuel vapors to escape into the
atmosphere, which can contribute to air pollution and reduce fuel efficiency.
2. Leaks in the intake system can cause the engine to run rough and lose power.
3. Leaks in the exhaust system can cause exhaust fumes to enter the passenger
compartment, which can be dangerous and toxic.
4. Leaks in the vacuum system can cause the engine to run rough and lose power.
5. Leaks in the turbocharger or supercharger system can cause the engine to lose
power and damage the turbocharger or supercharger

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Benefits of using a smoke machine:
1. Smoke machines can help to identify leaks that are difficult to find with other methods.
2. Smoke machines can help to diagnose leaks in multiple systems at once.
3. Smoke machines are relatively easy to use and can be used by both professional
mechanics and Diyers.

How to Use
4. Connect the smoke machine to the vehicle's vacuum system.
5. Inject smoke into the system.
6. Inspect the system for signs of leaks.
7. Repair any leaks that are found.
5.Battery tester FR
A battery tester is a diagnostic tool that is used to
test the health of a vehicle's battery. Battery testers
can be used to measure the battery's voltage,
current, and capacity. They can also be used to test
the battery's ability to hold a charge.

to use a battery tester:

You should use a battery tester if you are
experiencing any of the following symptoms:
Difficulty starting the vehicle
Dim headlights
Slow engine cranking
Frequent battery failures
You should also use a battery tester to test the
battery's health before taking a long road trip.
 Different types of battery testers:
There are two main types of battery testers:
1. Load testers: Load testers apply a load to the battery to simulate the load that the
battery would experience when the vehicle is started. This allows the battery tester
to measure the battery's ability to hold a charge under load.
2. Voltage testers: Voltage testers measure the battery's voltage. The battery's voltage
should be between 12.6 volts and 13.2 volts when the engine is not running. When
the engine is running, the battery's voltage should be around 14.4 volts.
3. If the specific gravity of the battery's electrolyte is below 1.110, the battery is
discharged and needs to be recharged. If the specific gravity of the battery's
electrolyte is below 1.155, the battery may be damaged and need to be replaced.

How to use a battery tester:

4. Connect the battery tester to the battery terminals.
5. Turn on the battery tester.
6. Select the appropriate test mode.
7. Follow the instructions on the battery tester to perform the test.
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 Benefits to using a battery tester, including:

1. Identifying weak or dead batteries: A battery tester can be used to identify weak or
dead batteries before they cause problems. This can save you money on repairs and
replacements.
2. Extending the life of your batteries: By using a battery tester to identify and replace
weak or dead batteries, you can extend the life of your batteries overall.
3. Improving performance: Weak or dead batteries can cause devices to perform
poorly. By using a battery tester to identify and replace weak or dead batteries, you
can improve the performance of your devices.
4. Troubleshooting problems: If you are experiencing problems with a device, a battery
tester can be used to troubleshoot the problem. For example, if a device is notturning
on, you can use a battery tester to check the battery voltage. If the battery voltage is
low, you can replace the battery to see if that fixes the problem.

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What to do
1. Charge your battery. If you have a battery charger, you can use it to charge your
battery.
2. Replace your battery. If your battery is old or damaged, it may need to be
replaced. You can take your car to a garage to have your battery tested and replaced
if necessary.

Here are some tips to prevent battery failures:

3. Keep the battery terminals clean and free of corrosion.
4. Avoid leaving the headlights or other accessories on when the engine is not running.
5. Drive the vehicle regularly. This will help to keep the battery charged.
6. Have the battery tested regularly, especially if the vehicle is older than three years.
6.Multimeter: FR

A multi meter is a device that

measures voltage, current, and
resistance. It is a versatile tool
that can be used to
troubleshoot a variety of
electrical problems in a vehicle.

Function:Multimeters are used

for electrical and electronic
diagnostics. They measure
voltage, current, and
resistance, helping to identify
electrical issues in the vehicle.
 How to Use
1. Select the appropriate setting on the multi meter (voltage, current, or resistance).
2. Connect the multi meter's probes to the vehicle's electrical component or wire you
want to test.
Read the measurement displayed on the multi meter to assess the electrical condition
compare it to the specifications for the component

Tips for using a multi meter to diagnose vehicle problems:

3. Always disconnect the negative battery terminal before working on any electrical
components.
4. Be careful not to touch any moving parts, as this can damage the multi meter or
injure you.
5. Use the correct multi meter setting for the task that you are performing.
6. Compare the mult imeter readings to the manufacturer's specifications.

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 FR
7. OBD II SCANNER
OBD-II (On-Board Diagnostics, Generation II) is a
standard diagnostic protocol used by most vehicles
sold in the United States since 1996. OBD-II scanners
are tools that can be used to read and clear fault
codes from the vehicle's engine control unit (ECU).

An OBD-II scanner is a device that connects to the

vehicle's OBD-II port, which is typically located under
the dashboard. The scanner can read and clear
diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs), which are stored in
the vehicle's computer system. DTCs can indicate a
variety of problems, such as engine misfires, faulty
sensors, and transmission problem
OBD-II scanners can be used to diagnose a wide range of vehicle problems,
including:
1. Engine misfires
2. Oxygen sensor problems
3. Catalytic converter problems
4. Evaporative emissions system problems
5. Transmission problems
6. ABS problems
How to Use
7. Locate the OBD-II port in the vehicle (usually under the dashboard near the steering column).
8. Plug the OBD-II scanner into the port.
9. Turn on the vehicle's ignition, but do not start the engine.
10.Follow the prompts on the scanner's display to read and interpret codes.
11.Look up the codes in a reference guide or online to diagnose the specific problem.
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Tips for using an OBD-II scanner:
1. Make sure the vehicle is turned off before plugging in the scanner.
2. Do not disconnect the scanner while the vehicle is running.
3. If you are not comfortable using the scanner, take the vehicle to a mechanic.

Common OBD-II scanner codes include:

4. P0102 - Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor circuit low
5. P0300 - Random/multiple cylinder misfire detected
6. P0441 - EVAP system incorrect purge flow
7. P0446 - EVAP system vent control circuit
8. P0455 - EVAP system leak detected - large
8. Engine Code Reader FR

An engine code reader is a diagnostic tool that can be

used to read and clear fault codes from a vehicle's
engine control unit (ECU). Fault codes are generated
by the ECU when it detects a problem with the engine
or other related systems. Engine code readers can be
used by both professional mechanics and DIYers to
troubleshoot and diagnose engine problems.

Function: Code readers are simpler diagnostic tools

that primarily read and display DTCs. They may not
offer advanced features like live data
Some of the benefits of using an engine code reader:

1. Identify and diagnose engine problems: Engine code readers can be used to
identify and diagnose a wide range of engine problems, such as misfiring
cylinders, oxygen sensor problems, and catalytic converter problems.
2. Save money on repairs: By identifying and diagnosing engine problems
early, you can save money on repairs. If you wait until the problem becomes
severe, it may be more expensive to fix.
3. Improve fuel efficiency: Engine problems can reduce fuel efficiency. By fixing
engine problems, you can improve fuel efficiency and save money on gas.
4. Extend the life of your engine: By identifying and fixing engine problems
early, you can extend the life of your engine.
How to Use
1. Plug the code reader into the OBD-II port.
2. Turn on the vehicle's ignition.
3. Use the code reader to retrieve and display diagnostic trouble codes.
4. Reference code definitions to identify the issue.

The most common engine code reader codes are:

5. P0300: Random/Multiple Cylinder Misfire Detected
6. P0420: Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold Bank 1
7. P0430: Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold Bank 2
8. P0171: System Too Lean (Bank 1)
9. P0174: System Too Rich (Bank 2)
10.P0440: Evaporative Emission System Malfunction
11.P0455: Evaporative Emission System Leak Detected (Large Leak)
12.P0128: Coolant Thermostat
13.P0301: Cylinder 1 Misfire Detected
Here are some general tips for repairing engine code reader codes
1. Always consult a repair manual or online resource to get specific instructions on how
to repair the code that you are seeing.
2. Be careful when working on your engine. It is important to follow all safety
precautions and to wear the proper safety gear.
3. If you are not comfortable repairing the code yourself, take your vehicle to a qualified
mechanic.
 FR
9. SCAN TOOL
scan tool is a more advanced diagnostic tool than
an OBD-II scanner. It can perform all of the same
functions as an OBD-II scanner, but it can also
provide more detailed information about the
vehicle's systems and components. Scan tools
can also be used to reprogram vehicle control
modules.

Function: Professional diagnostic scan tools are

more advanced versions of OBD-II scanners,
providing in-depth diagnostic capabilities. They
can access manufacturer-specific codes and
provide detailed data.
How to Use

1. Connect the scan tool to the OBD-II port.

2. Turn on the ignition.
3. Follow the on-screen instructions to scan for codes and view live data.
4. Interpret the data and codes to diagnose and resolve the issue.

Benefits of using a scan tool:

5. More accurate and comprehensive diagnostics

6. Ability to perform bi-directional controls
7. Ability to access and modify vehicle settings
Common scan tool codes:
1. P0420: Catalytic converter inefficiency (bank 1)
2. P0430: Catalytic converter inefficiency (bank 2)
3. P0171: System too lean (bank 1)
4. P0174: System too rich (bank 2)
5. P0301: Cylinder 1 misfire detected
6. P0302: Cylinder 2 misfire detected
7. P0303: Cylinder 3 misfire detected

Here are some tips for preventing engine codes:

8. Use high-quality fuel and oil.
9. Change your oil and filter regularly.
10. Keep your air filter clean.
11. Avoid short trips.
12. Drive at highway speeds for at least 30 minutes once a week.
THANK YOU……
PRESENTED BY
V E DAN T S . D H A N AWAD E
AT H A R V G . S A L U N K H E