PERSONAL AND

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
Definitions:- Personal Ethics
• Individual Moral Compass: Personal ethics can be described as an individual's moral
compass, which helps them navigate the complexities of life by providing a set of guiding
principles and values.
Reference: Rachels, J., & Rachels, S. (2014). The Elements of Moral Philosophy. McGraw-Hill
Education.
• Subjective Moral Standards: Personal ethics are the subjective moral standards that
individuals use to judge right from wrong, based on their own beliefs, experiences, and
cultural background.
Reference: Shafer-Landau, R. (2018). The Fundamentals of Ethics. Oxford University Press.
• Principled Decision-Making: Personal ethics involve making principled decisions that
align with an individual's deeply held beliefs and values, contributing to a sense of moral
integrity and self-identity.
Reference: DeGeorge, R. T. (2010). Business Ethics. Pearson.
Cont….
• Moral Autonomy: Personal ethics are a manifestation of an individual's moral
autonomy, representing their ability to make independent, ethical judgments and
choices without external influence.
• Reference: Korsgaard, C. M. (1996). Creating the Kingdom of Ends. Cambridge
University Press.
• Ethical Self-Reflection: Personal ethics necessitate ongoing self-reflection and
introspection, as individuals evaluate their own beliefs and values to ensure their
actions are consistent with their ethical standards.
• Reference: Blackburn, S. (1999). Spreading the Word: Groundings in the Philosophy of
Language. Oxford University Press.
• Personal Ethics as Moral Beliefs: "Personal ethics represent the deeply ingrained
moral beliefs and principles that guide an individual's choices and actions in their
personal life."
• Reference: Beauchamp, T. L., & Childress, J. F. (2012). Principles of Biomedical Ethics.
Oxford University Press.