Lecture 5

Development Phase
 3 Steps of Development

1. Preconstruction documentation (penyediaan pelan dan dokumen)

 Details of the constructions of the proposed general
development plan are finalized.
2. Construction contracting (kontrak dan tender)
 Must be done openly by competitive bid procedures.

3. Project Construction (pembinaan projek)

 Control by the contract, construction drawings and
specifications.
 1. Preconstruction Documentation
 Before project can be built.
 Construction drawings and specifications show every details
of the project.
 Technical medium of communication between the designer
and the construction contractor.
 Documentation in graphic and narrative forms.

2 main parts:
I. Construction Drawings
II. Specifications
 Preconstruction Documentation
I. Construction Drawings
 Show physical characteristics of the items to be built.
 The drawings are prepared as a set of separate sheets. It
includes:
 A. Site Drawings
 B. Structural Drawings
 C. Architectural Drawings
 D. Plumbing Drawings
 E. Mechanical Drawings
 F. Electrical Drawings
1.Preconstruction Documentation

A. Site Drawing
 Location map
 Grading plan
 Dimensioning plan
 Profile (for roads and sewers)
 Utilities Location plan
 Water
 Sanitation
 Electricity
 Telephone
 Miscellaneous details drawing
 Planting plan, details and schedule
1. Preconstruction Documentation
I. Construction Drawings

B. Structural Drawings
 Foundation plan (tapak)
 Superstructure sections
and details
 Roof framing plan
 Typical details
 1. Preconstruction Documentation
I. Construction Drawings
C. Architectural Drawings
 Floor plan (Pelan lantai)
 Building elevations and sections (tinggi dan
sudut bangunan)
 Typical details (kemudahan biasa)
 Stairs
 Windows and door elevations
 Others
 schedule
 1. Preconstruction Documentation
I. Construction Drawings
D. Plumbing Drawings
 Water distribution layout
(Pelan edaran air)
 Sanitary system layout (Pelan
sistem kumbahan)
 Valve and meter details
 Schedule
1. Preconstruction Documentation
E. Mechanical drawings
 Ventilation (pengudaraan)
 Air conditioning system

F. Electrical drawing
 Electrical distribution layout
 Lighting and fixture details
 Schedule
 1. Preconstruction Documentation

II. Specification
Descriptions of required workmanship and quality
of materials.
Use by:
 park agency (owner): to establish quality control
 Bidder: help prepare cost estimates for proposal
 Contractor: to order supplies and materials, plan work
progress
 1. Preconstruction Documentation

Specification Format:
 Two major formats:
 A. General Specification: apply to the overall conditions and
provisions of work

 B. Technical Specification: Describe the construction procedure and

materials of the project in the usual order of development
 1. Preconstruction Documentation

A. General Specification
 Responsibilities of all parties and establish
working policy
 Definitions
 Contractors responsibilities
 Owners responsibilities
 Consultant responsibilities
 Inspection, suspensions and terminations
 Payment and deductions
 Work changes
 1. Preconstruction Documentation

B. Technical Specifications
 Describe in details
 the composition and quality of materials
 The step by step construction process
 The standard of workmanship to be maintained
 Manufactured equipment such as trucks, tractor, mower
2. Construction Contracting
(kontrak dan tender)

Involve with competitive Bid

5 steps:
A. Preparation and publishment of the advertisement
B. Study of the instructions to bidders
C. Submission of proposal by bidders
D. Review of the proposals
E. Acceptance of the award
 2. Construction Contracting
A. Advertisement
i. Brief description of work.
ii. The name of the park agency
iii. An outline of procedures and regulations
iv. Major items of work to be done
v. The character of the bids
vi. Bond and security requirement
vii. Construction documents information
 2. Construction Contracting

B. Instructions to bidders
Guidelines and directions for bid submission
 i. Contract documents
 ii. Proposal format
 iii. Basis for bids
 iv. Bid bonds
2. Construction Contracting

B. Instructions to bidders
Explanation of the contract-awarding procedure
 i. Qualification of bidders
 ii. Withdrawal of proposals
 iii. Modification of proposals
 iv. Bid opening procedures
 v. Contract award
 vi. Rejection of bids
2. Construction Contracting
B. Instructions to bidders
Information About the Work (Responsible of
park agency)
1. A materials and work unit estimate
2. The completion date
3. Responsibility for accuracy of data
4. Clarification and revision of the plans
5. Site condition
6. Additional miscellaneous information
 2. Construction Contracting
C. The Proposal
 A written promise that the bidder will sign the
contract.
 Clearly state the offer acknowledgment acceptance
of the contractual requirement.

3 major parts:
 i. Agreement to the basic conditions of the proposed
contract
 ii. Detailed contract costs prepared by the bidder
 iii. Identification of bidding firm
2. Construction Contracting

D. Review of Proposal
Selecting the best bidder
 Two criteria: Qualifications and Economy
 Determining which bidders are qualified.
 Bid evaluation and comparison
2. Construction Contracting

D. Review of Proposal
Notification of Award
 Usually given to the lowest bidder
 A written notice of award.
 After signed the notice of award, an official
notice to proceed is sent to the contractor
2. Construction Contracting

E. The Contract
 Signing of the Contract Agreement.
 It’s a legal covenant signed by contractor and park agency.
 3. Project construction
 Parties involves:
 General contractor, subcontractors, park agency and
authorized construction inspector
 Construction inspector- approves material and
workmanship, authorize payments, resolve problems
of plan or specification interpretation
3. Project construction
A. Construction insurance
 i. Park agency insurance protection: Park
agency to protect its interest.
 ii. Private contractor insurance protection (by
the contractor to protect:
a. Required by law
b. Stipulated in the contract
c. Protect against financial losses
 3. Project construction

B. Construction progress and Quality Control

i. approval of material substitution and work order changes-
must be authorized in writing by the inspector.
ii. Inspection, materials testing and approval
iii. Determination of work completed and payment
iv. final acceptance and payment
Summary
3 major steps in development phase.
1.Preconstruction documentation: detail drawings
and specifications
2.Contracting for development: competitive bid
process, advertisement and select the best
contractor at reasonable price.
3. Project construction: Insurance is important.
Monitor the construction progress and quality.