Nature and Functions of Social

Sciences Disciplines
 Positivism
Biograp
Narrative -
Chronolog
hy -
y Hagiogr

Methods of METHOD
S
aphy

Creating History: Negativi

Dialecti
cs -
sm Analysi
Meta -
s
Narrativ
e/ Total
History

2
 Positivism
Biograp
hy -
Hagiogr

Methods of Narrative -
METHOD
S
aphy

Creating History: Chronology

Negativi
Dialecti
cs -
sm Analysi
Meta -
s
Narrativ
e/ Total
History

3
 Methods of Creating
History:
METHODS DISCRIPTION
Narrative - The creation of narratives of the past -
Chronology analysis plays
less role as the role of accidents is
most important.

4
 Positivism
Biograp
Narrative -
Chronolog
hy -
y Hagiogr

Methods of METHOD
S
aphy

Creating History: Negativi

Dialecti
cs -
sm Analysi
Meta -
s
Narrativ
e/ Total
History

5
 Biograp
Narrative -
Chronolog
hy -
y Hagiogr

Methods of METHOD
Positivism
S
aphy

Creating History: Negativi

Dialecti
cs -
sm Analysi
Meta -
s
Narrativ
e/ Total
History

6
 Methods of Creating
History:
METHODS DISCRIPTION

Embraces human agency in history.

Uses sources to provide and accurate
and complete vision of the past.
Positivism
Also embraces and empathetic
approach towards people in the past.

7
 Positivism
Biograp
Narrative -
Chronolog
hy -
y Hagiogr

Methods of METHOD
S
aphy

Creating History: Negativi

Dialecti
cs -
sm Analysi
Meta -
s
Narrativ
e/ Total
History

8
 Positivism

Narrative -
Biography
Chronolog
y

Methods of -
METHOD

HagiograpDialecti
S

Creating History: Negativi cs -

sm hy
Meta -
Analysi
s
Narrativ
e/ Total
History

9
 Methods of Creating
History:
METHODS DISCRIPTION

The “Great Men” method which creates

chronological narratives. Often look at
Biography - the agency of one individual
Hagiography in history.

10
 Positivism
Biograp
Narrative -
Chronolog
hy -
y Hagiogr

Methods of METHOD
S
aphy

Creating History: Negativi

Dialecti
cs -
sm Analysi
Meta -
s
Narrativ
e/ Total
History

11
 Positivism
Biograp
Narrative -
hy -
y Dialectic
Chronolog
Hagiogr
aphy
Methods of s- METHOD
S

Creating History:
Analysis
Negativi
sm
Meta -
Narrativ
e/ Total
History

12
 Methods of Creating
History:
METHODS DISCRIPTION

These are created which become

orthodoxies. Newtheses then arrive to
challenge these - revisionism - and a
Dialectics -
synthesis is produced from the old and
Analysis
the new. The synthesis becomes the
new thesis orparadigm and the process
of clashes (dialectics)repeats.
13
 Positivism
Biograp
Narrative -
Chronolog
hy -
y Hagiogr

Methods of METHOD
S
aphy

Creating History: Negativi

Dialecti
cs -
sm Analysi
Meta -
s
Narrativ
e/ Total
History

14
 Positivism

Chronolog
Meta - Biograp
Narrative -
hy -
y
Narrative/ Hagiogr

Methods of Total
METHOD
S
aphy

Creating History: Dialecti

Negativi History cs -
sm Analysi
s

15
 Methods of Creating
History:
METHODS DISCRIPTION

Works of the Annales school are

characterized by a multi - layered
Meta - approach which seek to integrate long
Narrative/ term, midterm and short term factors in a
Total “total history”. There is an effort to explain
History large amounts of human history through
the application of theory and social
sciences..
16
 Positivism
Biograp
Narrative -
Chronolog
hy -
y Hagiogr

Methods of METHOD
S
aphy

Creating History: Negativi

Dialecti
cs -
sm Analysi
Meta -
s
Narrativ
e/ Total
History

17
 Positivism
Biograp
Narrative -
Chronolog
hy -
Hagiogr
Negativi
y

Methods of METHOD
S
aphy

Creating History: sm Dialecti

cs -
Analysi
Meta -
s
Narrativ
e/ Total
History

18
 Methods of Creating
History:
METHODS DISCRIPTION

Rejects human agency in historical affairs.

Rejects all sources. Rejects the possibility
of empathetic understanding of the past.
Negativism

19
 1.
Transition headline
Let’s start with the
first set of slides