157

Conf
C fiden
nce Ratin
R ngs
Resea
arch methods I hav
ve a I have a I can appply
basic secure this
awareneess of unnderstanding concept//
the conc
cept/ of the
t concept/ method tot
method. method. novel
Methods scenarioss.

Experimeental method. Types

T of experim
ment:
laboratory eriments, natural and quasi-
y and field expe
experimeents.

Observattional technique es. Types of ob

bservation:
naturalisttic and controllled observation
n, covert and
overt obsservation; partiicipant and nonn-participant
observatiion.

Self-repo
ort techniques.
Questionnnaires;interviews, structurres and
unstructuured.

Correlations. Analysis of the relatio

onship betweeen
co-variab
bles. The diffe
erence betwee en correlation
ns
and expeeriments.

Scientific
c processes
Aims: sta
ating aims, und
derstand the diifference
between aims and hypo otheses.

Hypothes
ses: directional and non-directional.

Samplingg: the difference between pop pulation and

sample; sampling
s niques including: random,
techn
systemattic, stratified, opportunity andd volunteer;
implicatio
ons of techniqu ues, including bias
b and
generalis
sation.

Pilot stud
dies and the aims
a of pilotin
ng.

Experimeental designs:: repeated

measurees,independennt groups,matc
ched pairs.

► Lesson notes p.
p 90

YEAR 1 AND AS
A TEACHER’S COMPANION FOR AQA A LEVEL PSYCHOLOG
GY (FOURTH EDITIO
ON) © 2015 Michael Griffin, Rosalind Ge
eillis and Cara Flanag
gan 249
 158

Co
onfidence
e rattings
s (Co
ontin
nued
d)
Observa
ational design
n: behavioura
al categories;; event
sampling
g; time samppling.

Question
nnaire constr
ruction, inclu
uding use of open
o
and clos
sed questions
s; design of in
nterviews.

Variable
es: manipulattion and conttrol of variablles,
including
g independennt, dependennt, extraneou us,
confounding; operatiionalisation of
o variables.

Control: random allocation and coounterbalanc

cing,
randomiisation and sttandardisatio
on.

Demand
d characteristtics and inve
estigator effec
cts.

Ethics, in
ncluding the role of the British
B Psychoological
Society’ss code of eth
hics; ethical is
ssues in the design
d
and cond duct of psychhological studdies; Ethics, dealing
d
with ethhical issues in
n research.

The role
e of peer revie
ew in the scie
entific proces
ss.

The implications of psychological

p research forr the
econommy.

Data han
nding and an
nalysis.
Quantita
ative and quaalitative data; the distincttion
betweenn quantitative
e and qualitaative data collection
techniqu
ues.

Primary and seconda

ary data; including meta-
s.
analysis

Descripttive statistics
s: measures of
o central
tendency – mean, me edian, mode;; calculation of
mean, median,
m mode e; measures of
o dispersion n; range
and stan
ndard deviation; calculatio ons of range..

► Lesson no
otes p. 90

248 YEAR 1 AND

A AS TEACHER’S COMPANION FOR AQA
A A LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY (FOURTH ED
DITION) © 2015 Mic
chael Griffin, Rosalin
nd Geillis and Cara Flanagan
F
 159

Confide
ence
e rattings
s (Co
ontin
nued
d)

Descripttive statistic
cs: calculatio
ons of percentages;
positive
e, negative and
a zero corrrelations.

Presenttation and display

d of qu
uantitative data;
d
graphs,, tables, sca
attergrams, bar charts.

Distribu
utions: norm mal and skew
wed distribu
utions;
charactteristics of normal
n and skewed
s
distribu
utions.

Introdu
uction to sta
atistical testting; the sign test.

• My strrengths in re
elation to le
earning this topic were::

• Areas of my learn
ning I need to
t develop during
d the next
n topic arre:

► Lesson notes p.
p 90

YEAR 1 AND AS
A TEACHER’S COMPANION FOR AQA A LEVEL PSYCHOLOG
GY (FOURTH EDITIO
ON) © 2015 Michael Griffin, Rosalind Ge
eillis and Cara Flanag
gan 249