o Pa n es

D erec h
Daniel
Research is defined as scientific investigation of phenomena which includes collection, presentation,
analysis and interpretation of facts that links man’s speculation or assumption with reality. The above
meaning of research is applicable to all fields of endeavor. Be it educational research, sociological
research, biological research, psychological research, business research, information technology
research, fisheries research, agricultural research, and many others. in other words, research, there is
a scientific study or scrutiny of event, trend or incident which includes collection, presentation, analysis
and interpretation of phenomena that bind/connect investigator’s thought with reality.

QUALITIES OF GOOD RESEARCHER

The qualities of a good researcher must also possess the acronym RESEARCHER. R, stand for
research oriented; E, efficient; S, scientific; E, effective; A, active; R, resourceful; C, creative; H,
honest; E, economical; and R, religion. If researcher possesses the foregoing qualities of a good
researcher his/her research project can be completed in short period of time and respond to the
socioeconomic recovery of the country.
INTRODUCTION
TO RESEARCH

1st Reporter
Daniel Derecho Panes
Characteristics of the Research
Intellectual Curiosity An
investigator's intellectual curiosity
leads to deep thinking and
investigation of situations and
problems. They are enthusiastic about
acquiring knowledge due to novelty
and uncommonness. For example, if
there is no significant difference in
the mean weight of grouper cultured
in fish cages using bread meal and
fish meal as supplemental feeds, the
null hypothesis is rejected, and if
insignificant difference exists, the
null hypothesis is accepted.
Prudence is crucial in research, as it
involves selecting the right research
problem, conducting it carefully,
and using the 7 M's wisely,
efficiently, effectively, and
economically. For example, a
researcher in Marine Biology can
focus on seaweed cultivation,
comparing different methods to
determine the best method with
high return of investment, ensuring
a high return on investment.
Researchers often question
the veracity of their findings,
even if the data is collected
honestly. This can occur in
descriptive research, where
subjects may not read the
questions religiously, or in
experimental research, where
the accuracy of the apparatus
or equipment can affect the
results.
An intelligent researcher is honest
in gathering data to arrive at valid
results. Honesty is crucial for the
success or failure of their
research. For example, in a
project like "Seaweed Muffins
and Banana Muffins: Its
Acceptability, Salability,
Profitability, and Nutritive
Values," the researcher is honest
in gathering marketability and
nutritive values data, without
manufacturing data.
Intellectual creativity is crucial
for researchers to create unique,
patentable researches,
contributing to socioeconomic
recovery. However, most
master's and doctoral degree
holders in the Philippines are
trained in descriptive research,
resulting in blatant results. Only
a few professionals possess
patents.
 B ic la r
exa
Yan na A l

2ND REPORT
 Cyclical– Rese
arch begins wit
problem and e ha
nds with a prob
a researcher pr lem, with
esenting findin
conclusions, an gs,
d recommenda
often addressin tions,
g multiple prob
the process. Th lems in
is cycle repeats
throughout the
ph ir ic al – R es ea rc h is ba sed on direct study
Em
without the
experience or observation, Analytical– Re
ne fi t of sc ie nt ific kn ow ledge or theory, established ana
search employ
s
be
on practical lytical method
and data collection relies data, including s to gather
historical, desc
experience. experimental,
and case studie
riptive,
on past, presen s, focusing
based on t, future, and c
Logical– Valid research is studies, respec
tively.
ase
goro us proc ed ur es an d principles,
ri
sults. Logical
ensuring confidence in re
io n of pr oc ed ur es al lo ws for valid
examinat
ucial for
conclusions, making it cr
ific
decision-making in scient
investigations.
Methodical– Research is conducted methodically
using a two-group design, with a control group and
experimental group. The t-test is used to determine
if there is a significant difference in findings.

Replicability – Replicating research designs and

procedures across different subjects and venues for
descriptive and experimental designs allows for
comparison of similarities and differences,
enabling valid and conclusive results in both types
of studies.

Critical– Research requires careful judgment and a

higher level of significance, such as 1.0 percent or
5.0 percent, to determine the significance of results
and whether to reject or accept a hypothesis.
Controlled Research – Controlled
research maintains constant
variables in study, comparing
results from a treated group and a
control group, which control
group may receive no treatment, a
placebo, or a different treatment.

Research based on objective –The

researcher uses sound judgment to
ensure that the research findings
are valid. Objective-based types of
Research can be classified as
descriptive, co-relational,
explanatory and exploratory.
Hypothesis based on
research– A
hypothesis-based
research design
produces evidence
that satisfies research
objectives and can
prove or refute a
genuine research
hypothesis, requiring
a statement with
specificity, testability,
and falsifiability.
WHY RESEARCH IS OF
VALUE Educators, parents, and
students can obtain information
through various methods such
as consulting experts, reviewing
books and articles, questioning
colleagues, examining one's
own past experiences, or
relying on intuition. However,
these methods may not always
provide reliable answers due to
potential errors, lack of value in
source documents, lack of
experience, and irrelevant or
misunderstood experiences.
Knowledge of scientific
research methodology can
provide an accurate and reliable
way to obtain information,
which can be compared to other
ways of knowing.
Why Research Is Necessary and Valuable in Our
Daily Lives
1. It's a tool for building knowledge and facilitating
Ways to Know
learning.
• Sensory Experience -the immediate way of
2. It's a means to understand issues and increase
knowing something through our sense of
public awareness.
sight, sense of smell, sense of touch, sense
of taste, and sense of hearing.
3. It helps us succeed in business.
• Agreement with others -considering the
4. It allows us to disprove lies and support truths.
opinion of others.
5. It is a means to find, gauge, and seize
• Expert opinion -consulting an expert with
opportunities.
their feild of experience.
6. It promotes a love of and confidence in reading,
• Logic -the study of correct reasoning
writing, analyzing, and sharing valuable
information.
• Scientific Method -the process of
objectively establishing facts through testing
7. It provides nourishment and exercise for the mind.
and experimentation.
 d ra les
M ae A
Rose

3RD REPORTER
General types of Research

•Basic Research

•-Usually this involves the questions "HOW", "WHAT", and "WHY". Also called "Pure Research" or
"Fundamental Research". It aims to divover basic truth or principles and it's main motivation is knowledge
expansion. EXAMPLE: The Study at How Alcohol Consumption Impacts the Brain

•Applied Research

-a type of research that finds practical solutions for existing problems. EXAMPLE: Ways to Manage
Schizophrenia in Teenagers

•Development Research

-A systematic study of designing, development, and evaluating existing objects and practices that must meet
the criteria of internal consistency and effectiveness. EXAMPLE: Exploring the Waste Management
Programs in the Area towards Improved Living
Purpose of Research *Exploratory
research -conducted to explore a
group of questions or a new
problem areas that haven't been
explored before.

*Descriptive research -focuses on

expanding knowledge on current
issues through a process of data
collection. Descriptive research
describes the behavior of sample
population. The 3 main purposes of
descriptive research are
"describing", "explaining",
"validating the findings"

*Explanatory research -also called

causal research. This research is
conducted to understand the impact
of certain changes in existing
standard procedure.
 Alle r
a Fa ith
Karl

4TH REPORTER
Classification of Research

Library Research - This is done in the library where answers to

specific questions or problems of the study are available. The
historical research lends itself to library research because the
study is focused on the past, and much of the primary and
secondary sources are pound in the library.

Field Research - It is conducted in a natural setting. No changes

are made in the environment. Field research is applicable both
in Descriptive Research and Experimental Research.

*Illustration (Descriptive Research)

" Taxonomy of useful seawed found in worthem iloilo "

*Illustration (Experimental Research)

"Culture of Kappaphycus in bulubadyang Islan, Extancia, Iloilo,
using hanging and Lantay methods.

Laboratory Research - The research is conducted in artificial or

controlled conditions by isolating the study in a thorougly
specified and operationalized area.

*Illustration (Experimental Research)

" Culture of mudcrab (Scylla Serrata) in the fishpond using
Pellets, bread meal, and fish meal as supplemental feeds. "
COMPONENTS OF THE RESEARCH PROCESS

1. PROBLEM / OBJECTIVES

Research problem - must be stated vividly and

explicity expressed in interrogation form or
question.

Research objectives - is defined as statement of

purpose for which the investigation is to be
conducted.

2. THEORITICAL / CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

- theoretical framework - shapes the justification
of the research problem / objectives.
- Conceptual framework - presents specific and
well defined concepts which are called construct.

3. ASSUMPTIONS
- are presumed to be true statements of facts
related to the research problem.
COMPONENTS OF RESEARCH
4. HYPOTHESIS
- is defined as a wise guess that is
formulated and temporarily adopted
to explain the observed facts
covered by the study.

5. RESEARCH DESIGN
- is a strategy for answering your
research question using empirical
data.

6. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

- involves the systematic
identification, location, and analysis
of documents containing
information related to the research
problem.
7. DATA COLLECTION
- is a systematic process of gathering observations or
measurements. Whether you are performing research
for business, governmental or academic purposes, data
collection allows you to gain first-hand knowledge and
original insights into your research problem.

8. DATA PROCESSING AND STATISTICAL TOOLS

Processing of Data - it is processed and analyzed to

come to some conclusions or to verify the hyphothesis
made.

Statistical tools - is widely used in almost all fields like

Biology, botany, commerce, medicine, education,
physics, Chemistry, bio-technology, psychology,
zoology, etc..
9. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
Analysis - means the ordering, manipulating, and summarizing of data to obtain answer to research questions.
Interpretation - gives the results of analysis, makes inferences pertinent to the research relations studied and draws conclusions about these
relations.

10. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, & RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary - The summary is a concise overview of the entire research project. It provides a brief description of the research topic, objectives,
methodology, key findings, and major implications.

Conclusions - The conclusions section serves to highlight the key findings and insights derived from the research. It involves analyzing and
interpreting the results obtained and drawing conclusions based on the research objectives. Conclusions should be supported by the evidence
presented in the study.

Recommendations - The recommendations section suggests practical actions or steps that can be taken based on the conclusions of the research.
These recommendations are meant to provide guidance to stakeholders, policymakers, or individuals who can benefit from the research findings.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!!