PERFORMING COMPUTER

OPERATIONS (PCO)
LESSON TO
DISCUSS

 Task Identification
 Operational Health and Safety (OHS) guide
 Computer Hardware
 Computer application software
 Types of programs/application software
 Desktop icons
 Keyboard techniques
 Keyboard care and maintenance
 LESSON 1

Plan and Prepare for Task to

be Undertaken
At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Determine requirements of task in accordance with required output

2. Select appropriate hardware and software according to task
3. Plan a task to ensure that OHS guidelines and procedures are followed
4. Follow client-specific guidelines and procedures
WHAT IS THE FIRST THING
TO CONSIDER?
The following are some factors to be considered when you plan and prepare for the tasks:

1. PLACE. See to it that the place for doing the task is conducive to work, well ventilated, clean, and
has good lighting. A space provided for freedom to move is important. A place chosen will give you idea
on what task is to be done
2. WASTE DISPOSAL. Used wire or wire strips or other things that can’t be used anymore must
be disposed in proper storage bin or container.
2. TOOLS/EQUIPMENT. Tools and equipment must match with
the task to be done. You should be careful enough to choose
tools and equipment that are worthy of use. They must be in
good condition so that it can be easily utilized without damaging
the parts.

A tool is a handheld device that aids in accomplishing a task

Tools range from a traditional metal cutting part of a machine to
an element of a computer program that activates and controls a
particular function. Preparing for the task to be undertaken
includes proper tool selection.
1. How do you select the best tool for the job? First, know and
understand in detail the scope of work to be accomplished,
second, plan for the scope considering the sequence of
tasks.
2. Selecting the best tool for each task requires training in the
proper use of the tools, field experience in their safe use,
and following the manufacturer’s guidance and instructions
for that specific tool.
3. When obtaining the tool all the associated tooling and
consumable parts, as recommended by the manufacturer,
must be included. In addition, related consumable parts
must also be selected and used according to their
manufacturer’s instructions.
4. SAFETY. Always prioritize safety.
Remember that accident is not an excusable
incident. It can be avoided. Always remember
the motto “Safety first”.
5. PROCEDURE/TASK. Identify what task
to perform before identifying materials and
tools to use. The service procedure/task to
employ will tell you the corresponding tools
and materials needed. Appropriate tools to
use with the task will enhance your ability
to provide a competitive and efficient
service.
OCCUPATIONAL/ OPERATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (OHS)

Is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the safety, health and welfare of people
engaged in work or employment. Knowing OHS is essential to minimize the hazards and risks not
only to students, trainers and other people within the training institution but others who will be
affected.

Reasons for occupational safety and standards are:

• Moral – an employee should not have to risk injury at work, nor should others have associated
with the work environment.
• Economic – many governments realize that poor occupational safety and health performance
results in cost to state
• Legal – OHS requirements maybe reinforced in civil law and/or criminal law
SAFETY PROCEDURES(OHS)

1. To prevent electrical shock hazard, disconnect the power cable from the electrical outlet
before relocating the system
2. When adding and removing devices to or from the system, ensure that the power cables for
the devices are unplugged before the signal cables are connected. If possible, disconnect all
power cables from the existing system before you add a device
3. Make sure that your power supply is set to the correct voltage in your area
4. Before installing the Motherboard and adding a device on it, carefully read the entire manual
that came with the package
5. To avoid short circuits, keep paper clips, screws, and staples away from connectors, slots,
sockets and circuitry
6. Avoid dust, humidity, and temperature extremes. Do not place the product in any area where
it may become wet
7. Always ground or discharge yourself before touching any part of the computer
8. Do not work alone so that there’s someone who can take care of you in case of accident or
emergency.
9. Be careful with the tools that may cause short circuit
10.Always full the cable connector on the handle and not on the cable itself
11.Use only rubber shoes when standing on the ground or in a concrete floor
12.Make sure that the pins are properly aligned when connecting a cable connector.
13.Always power off and unplug the computer before working on it.
14. Take away any liquid such as mineral water or soft drinks near your working area or near
computers.
15. Contingency measures during workplace accidents, fire and other emergencies are
recognized.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

1. Do not place any combustible materials near the power outlet.

2. Avoid using power cord with defects such as loose contacts and exposed conductors.
3. Avoid using connecting wires with exposed conductors.
4. Do all the wiring connection inside the computer system with the power off.
5. Check the proper connections before turning the circuit power on.
6. Remove any jewelry, which is conductive.
7. Check your measuring instruments for proper voltage, current, resistance setting before
making any measurement.
8. Refer to the mother manuals for its proper jumper setting and connection.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

1. Do not place any combustible materials near the power outlet.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

2. Avoid using power cord with defects such as loose contacts and exposed conductors.
3. Avoid using connecting wires with exposed conductors.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

4. Do all the wiring connection inside the computer system with the power off.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

5. Check the proper connections before turning the circuit power on.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

6. Remove any jewelry, which is conductive.

7. Check your measuring instruments for proper voltage, current, resistance setting before making
any measurement.
8. Refer to the mother manuals for its proper jumper setting and connection
 LESSON 2

INPUT DATA INTO

COMPUTER
 At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Identify the types of programs/ applications software

2. Check the accuracy of information and save the information in accordance with standard
operating procedures
3. Classify the inputted data in storage media according to requirements
What is Data?

Data is a collection of facts and figures, such as values or measurements.

The data is the raw material to be processed by a computer.

Data versus Information

When data are processed, interpreted, organized, structured or presented so as to make

them meaningful or useful, they are called information
 DATA
The number of visitors to a website in one month

INFORMATION
Understanding that changes to a website have led to an increase or decrease in
monthly site visitors
 DATA
Inventory levels in a warehouse on a specific date

INFORMATION
Identifying supply chain issues based on trends in warehouse inventory levels over time
 DATA INFORMATION

Individual satisfaction scores on a customer service Finding areas for improvement with customer service
survey based on a collection of survey responses

The price of a competitors’ product Determining if a competitor is charging more or less

for a similar product
The raw input is data and it has no significance when it exists in that form. When data is
collated or organized into something meaningful, it gains significance. This meaningful
organization is information.

Types of Data

Numeric data
• The data which is represented in the form of numbers
• This includes 0-9 digits, a decimal point (.) +, /, - sign and the letters “E” or “D”
 DATA PROCESSING
CYCLE
Data processing is simply the conversion of raw data to meaningful information through a
process. - The data is processed again and again until the accurate result is achieved.
 Data Processing
Cycle

Data Processing
Cycle
 LESSON
TYPES OF DATA
PROCESSING
MANUAL DATA PROCESSING
The process of data entry implies many opportunities for errors, such as:
• Delays in data capture
• A high amount of operator misprints,
• High labor costs from the amount of manual labor required etc.
ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING
• Use of computers for recording, manipulating, and summarizing data
• Computer can help
• Accuracy
• Speed
• Consistency
• Storage capacity
• Automation
COMPUTER DATA PROCESSING
The eleven data of processing operations in a computer are:
• Recording
• Verifying
• Duplicating
• Classifying
• Sorting
• Calculating
• Summarizing and reporting
• Merging
• Storing
• Retrieving
• Feedback
 THE COMPONENTS
INVOLVED DATA PROCESSING
• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• Computer Memory (RAM and ROM)
• Data bus
• Ports
• Motherboard
• Hard disk
• Output Devices
• Input Devices
CENTRAL PROCESSING
UNIT (CPU)
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
COMPUTER MEMORY (RAM AND
ROM)
• When the computer is doing any job, the data that have to be processed are stored in the
primary memory
• The following terms related to memory of a computer are discussed below:

o Random Access Memory (RAM)

o Read Only Memory (ROM)
o Programmable read-only memory (PROM)
o Cache Memory
o Registers
 LESSON
IPOS
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK
 IPOS CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK
PROCESS /
INPUT STORAGE OUTPUT
INPUT DEVICES
Responsible for the insertion of data into the computer, that is instructing the computer. They
are devices that enter INFORMATION into a computer from an external source. Data is
referred to as the RAW MATERIAL for information at a particular time.
COMPUTER PROCESSING
OPERATIONS
Computer Processing devices are those devices directly responsible for the transformation of
data into information. The processor is the main component in the system unit capable of
interpreting computer program instruction and processes data; Computer storage refers to
the action of a computer that permits it to store data and information.
 ACCESS
INFORMATION
USING
COMPUTER
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

1. Select correct program/application based on job requirements;

2. Access program/ application containing the information required according to company
procedures;
3. Select, open and close desktop for navigation purposes; and
4. Carry out keyboard techniques in line with OHS requirements
INFORMATION ACCESS
The freedom or ability to identify, obtain and make use of database or information effectively.
There are various research efforts in information access for which the objective is to simplify
and make it more effective for human users to access and further process large and unwieldy
amounts of data and information.
WORKING WITH DESKTOP ICONS
Icons are small pictures that represents files, programs and other items. When you first start
Windows, you’ll see at least one icon in your desktop: the Recycle Bin (more on that later).
Your computer manufacturer might have added other icons on the desktop. Some examples
of desktop icons are shown below.
WORKING WITH DESKTOP ICONS
DESKTOP FUNDAMENTALS
THE DESKTOP (Overview) The desktop is the main screen area that you see after you turn
on your computer and log on to Windows. Like the top of an actual desk, it serves as a
surface of your work. When you open programs or folders, they appear on the desktop. You
can also put things on the desktop, such as files and folders, and arrange them however you
want.

.
DESKTOP
WHERE DID MY DESKTOP
GO?
WHERE DID MY DESKTOP
GO?
WHERE DID MY DESKTOP
GO?
 HIDING DESKTOP
ICONS
If you want to temporarily hide all of your desktop icons without actually removing them, right
click an empty part of your desktop, click View and then click Show Desktop Icons to clear
the check mark from that option. Now no icons are displayed on the desktop. You can get
them back by clicking Show Desktop Icon again.
HIDING DESKTOP ICONS
HIDING DESKTOP ICONS
HIDING DESKTOP ICONS
HOW TO ZIP AND UNZIPPED DOCUMENTS
HOW TO ZIP AND UNZIPPED DOCUMENTS
HOW TO ZIP AND UNZIPPED DOCUMENTS
THE START MENU
(OVERVIEW)
The start menu is the main gateway to your computer’s programs, folders and settings.

Use the Start menu to do these common activities:

1. Start programs
2. Open commonly used folders
3. Search for files, folders and programs
4. Adjust computer settings
5. Get help with the Windows operating system
6. Turn off the computer
7. Log off from windows or switch to a different user account
THE START MENU IS DIVIDED INTO THREE BASIC PARTS:
A. The large pane shows a short list of programs on your computer. Your computer manufacturer can
customize this list, so its exact appearance will vary. Clicking All Programs displays a complete list of
programs.

B. In the lower left corner is the search box, which allows to look for the programs and files on your computer
by typing in search terms

C. The right pane provides access to commonly used folders, files, settings and features. It’s also where you
go to log off from windows or turn off your computer.
THE RECYCLE BIN
When you delete a file or folder, it doesn’t actually get deleted right away – it goes to the Recycle Bin. That’s a
good thing, because if you ever change your mind and decide you need a deleted file, you can get it back
USING THE
KEYBOARD
 USING THE KEYBOARD
Whether you’re writing a letter or entering numerical data, the keyboard is the main way to enter information
into the computer. But did you know you can also use the keyboard to control your computer? Learning just a
few simple keyboard commands (instructions to your computer) can help you work efficiently.
TYPING TEXT
Whenever you need to type something in a program, e-mail message or text box, you’ll see a blinking vertical
line (l). That’s the cursor, also called insertion point. It shows where the text that you type will begin. You can
move the cursor by clicking in the desired location with the mouse, or by using the navigation keys. In addition
to letters, numerals, punctuation marks, and symbols, the typing keys include SHIFT, CAPS LOCK, the TAB
key, ENTER, the SPACEBAR and BACKSPACE.
USING KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
Keyboard shortcuts are ways to perform actions by using the keyboard. They’re called shortcuts because they
help your work faster. In fact, any action or command you can perform with a mouse can be performed faster
using one or more keys on your keyboard.
USEFUL SHORTCUTS
The following table lists some of the most useful keyboard shortcuts.
USING NAVIGATION KEYS
The navigation keys allow you to move the cursor, move around in documents and webpages and edit text. The following
table lists some common functions of these keys.
USING THE NUMERIC KEYPAD
The numeric keypad arranges the numerals 0 through 9, the arithmetic operators + (addition), - (subtraction), *
(multiplication) and / (division), and the decimal point as they would appear on a calculator or adding machine. These
characters are duplicated elsewhere on the keyboard, of course, but the keypad arrangement allows you to rapidly enter
numerical data or mathematical operations with one hand..
TIPS FOR USING YOUR KEYBOARD
SAFELY
Using your keyboard properly can help avoid soreness or injury to your wrists, hands and arms, particularly if
you use your computer for long periods of time. Here are some tips to help you avoid problems:

1. Place your keyboard at elbow level. Your upper arms should be relaxed at your sides.
2. Center your keyboard in front of you. If your keyboard has a numeric keypad, you can use the space bar
as the centering point.
3. Type with your hands and wrist floating above the keyboard, so that you can use your whole arm to reach
distant keys instead of stretching your fingers.
4. Avoid resting your palms or wrists in any type of surface while typing. If your keyboard has a palm rest,
use it only during breaks from typing.
5. While typing, use a light touch and keep your wrists straight.
6. When you’re not typing, relax your arms and hands.
7. Take short breaks from computer use every 15 to 20minutes.
CLEANING THE KEYBOARD
A dirty keyboard doesn't look nice, and can cause your keyboard to not work properly. Dust, food, liquid, or
other particles can get stuck underneath the keys, which can cause them not to work. Check your owner's
manual to see if the manufacturer has provided you with instructions for your specific keyboard. If so, you
should follow them. If not, the following steps are basic cleaning tips that will help you keep your keyboard
clean:

1. Unplug the keyboard from the USB or PS/2 port. If the keyboard is plugged into the PS/2 port, you will
need to shut down the computer before unplugging it.
2. Turn the keyboard upside down and gently shake it to remove dirt and dust.
3. Use a can of compressed air to clean between the keys.
4. Moisten a cotton cloth or paper towel with rubbing alcohol, and use it to clean the tops of the keys. Do not
pour alcohol (or any other liquid) directly onto the keys.
5. Reconnect the keyboard to the computer once it is dry. If you are connecting it to a PS/2 port, you will
need to connect it before turning the computer on.