IBU Types of DIplomacy

International Burch University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Selma Delalić

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Types of Diplomacy
Track 1: Official diplomacy
• State led
• Communication between state representatives

Track 2: Non-governmental diplomacy

• Low level
• Non-official representation
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Types of Diplomacy
Public diplomacy / Soft Power
• Ability to influence the behavior of others;
• Convincing others who we are, what we do, what we are
pursuing;
Types of Diplomacy

• Gaining support of the public both domestic and

international;
• Public lobbying;
• Promoting educational exchange programs;
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Types of Diplomacy
Public diplomacy / Soft Power
• Cross-cultural seminars;
• Increasing exposure to films/books/culture;
Types of Diplomacy
• Attracting people to share freedoms and values;
• Public diplomacy helps state diplomacy legitimizing it or
influencing it at the public level;
• Public diplomacy is essentially propaganda, promotion and
branding state abroad.
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Types of Diplomacy
Military diplomacy or Defense diplomacy / Hard Power
• National interests as basic motivation for the international
military cooperation;
• Tool of preserving national interests;
• Military intelligence;
• Information exchange.
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Types of Diplomacy
Economic diplomacy
• Promoting economic interests using FP instruments;
• Provides framework of institutional economic cooperation;
• Diplomatic activities focused on attracting foreign
investments, increasing exports and country‘s international
competitiveness, expansion of economic cooperation;
• Supporing and promoting energy security;
• Cooperation with international economic organizations;
• Providng economic expertise within the MFA.
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Types of Diplomacy
Cultural diplomacy
• Along with political and economic diplomacy, it is the third
pillar of diplomatic activity;
• Developing relations through culture, education, science,
technology, media, youth and sport, and cultural tourism;
• Promoting cultural values, language, literature, civilisation,
history;
• Building the image / reputation abroad.
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Types of Diplomacy

Parliamentary diplomacy
• Parliamentary delegations representation in order to
create connections and obtain information;
• The mission is to maintain relations with the parliaments
of other countries;
• Promotion of values.
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Types of Diplomacy

Gunboat / Coercive diplomacy

• Demonstrating strength to achieve FP goals;
• The basis of gunboat diplomacy is full recognition of the
legitimacy of using military force to achieve FP goals;
• Diplomacy backed with hard military power.
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Types of Diplomacy

Dollar diplomacy
• Use of economic methods (loans) to achieve national goals;
• Economic enslavement of small states and their submission
to the domination of large foreign banks and the industrial
companies;
• Placing small countries in political dependence;
• Dollars act as weapons in th hands of diplomats.
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Types of Diplomacy

Digital diplomacy
• Use of internet, information and communication technologies
to solve diplomatic problems;
• Media, social networks, bolgs, and similar global medial
platforms are used.
• The main goal: promotion of FP interests and information
propaganda via the Internet.
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Types of Diplomacy
Cyber diplomacy
• Cyber diplomats alleviate tensions that arise betwee
countries due to cyber incidents;
• Concentrates on computer and communication systems
and procedures.

Tweeter diplomacy
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Types of Diplomacy

• Pacification diplomacy
• People‘s diplomacy
• Intermediary diplomacy
• Appeasement diplomacy
• Nuclear diplomacy
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Types of Diplomacy

• Freelance diplomacy
• Multi-track diplomacy
• Shuttle diplomacy
• Cowboy diplomacy
• Para diplomacy
Thank you for your attention!
Questions?