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Raising a new Generation of Leaders

Managers, Management & their Purpose

PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
(AMS 111)
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lecture, students should be
able to
• Describe who a Manager is and define the
term management.
• Describe the different levels of management.
• Explain the roles and functions of
management.
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 INTRODUCTION
• Every human endeavor involves management:

- Business ventures
- Non-Business activities

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Management Is…

Efficiency
Efficiency
Getting
Getting work
work
done
done through
through
others
others Effectiveness
Effectiveness

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MANAGEMENT
• Management is the attainment of organizational goals in
an effective and efficient manner through planning,
organizing, staffing, directing and controlling
organizational resources.
• Organizational resources include men(human beings),
money, machines and materials.

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 What is Management
• Louis E Boone & David L Kurtz defines it as using
people and other resources to accomplish objectives.
• According to Mary Parker Follet, it is the act of
getting things done through people.
• Frederick Taylor defines Management as the art of
knowing what you want to do in the best and cheapest
way.
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Efficiency and Effectiveness

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 Efficiency and Effectiveness
• Efficiency : “Doing things right”, and getting the most output
from the least amount of input( minimizing the coast).
• Effectiveness “Doing the right things”, and doing those work
tasks that help the organisation to reach its goals.
• Efficiency is concerned with the means of getting things done while
effectiveness is concerned with the ends.

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 Characteristics of Management
1. Management is an Art as well as Science
2. Management is a continuous process
3. Management aims at achieving pre-determined
objectives
4. Management is a factor of production
5. Management as a system of activity
6. Management is a discipline
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 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
• The Principles of Management refer to the essential,
fundamental truths, underlying factors that form the
foundations of successful management.

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 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
(contd.)
Henri Fayol propounded 14 principles of management:
1. Division of work
2. Authority and Responsibility
3. Discipline
4. Unity of command
5. Unity of direction
6. subordination of individual interest
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 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
(contd.)
7. Remuneration
8. Centralization
9. Scalar chain
10. Order
11. Equity
12. Stability of tenure or personnel
13. Initiative, and
14. Esprit de Corps
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 Universality of Management (contd.)
• The universality of
management means that
the fundamental
principles, concepts, and
practices of management
are applicable and
relevant across various
types of organizations,
industries, and cultural
contexts.

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 Functions Of Management
• Planning
• Organizing
• Leading
• Controlling

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15
 MANAGERIAL SKILLS
Managerial skills are the abilities and competencies that
effective managers possess and utilize to achieve
organizational goals and lead their teams or departments
efficiently.
Managerial skills include;
• Conceptual
• Human
• Technical
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 What Skills Do Managers Need?
• Conceptual Skills
 Used to analyze and diagnose complex situations, help managers see how things fit together
and facilitate making good decision.
• Interpersonal Skills
 working well with other people both individually and groups , so managers must have good
skills to communicate, motivate, mentor and delegate.
• Technical Skills
 Based on specialized knowledge required for work (lower and middle managers knowing of
the job they are performing, top managers knowing of the industry and a general
understanding of the org’s process and products. .

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 Levels and Areas of Management
Levels of Management
Top managers

Middle managers

First-line managers

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Areas of Management

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 What Titles Do Managers Have?
• Top/ Upper Managers - Responsible for making decisions about the direction of the
organization and establishing policies and philosophies that effect all organizational members .
 Examples; President, Chief Executive Officer, Vice-President
• Middle Managers - Manage the activities of other managers and non managerial
employees and translating the goals set by top managers to specific details that lower managers
can understand.
 Examples; District Manager, Division Manager
• First-line/ Lower Level Managers - Responsible for directing the day to day activities
of non-managerial employees
 Examples; Supervisor, Team Leader

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 Managerial Roles BY Henry Mintzberg
• Manager

Interpersonal Informational Decisional

Figurehead Monitor Entrepreneur

Leader Disseminator Disturbance

Handler
Liaison Spokesperson
Resource
Allocator

Negotiator

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Interpersonal roles

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INFORMATIONAL ROLES

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DECISIONAL ROLES

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 QUESTION
• Efficiency and Effectiveness: Which one is more
important for organizational performance?

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