Course Code: 8604

RESEARCH METHODS IN
EDUCATION

Asif Iqbal
Ksure 03074917733
 Introduction to Book
 Unit–1: Introduction of Educational Research
 Unit–2: Types of Research
 Unit–3: Historical Research
 Unit–4: Experimental Research
 Unit–5: Descriptive Research
 Unit–6: Tools and Techniques of Research
 Unit–7: Sampling Techniques
 Unit–8: Designing a Research Proposal
 Unit–9: Writing Research Report
 Unit 1
Introduction of Educational Research
 Outline

We will learn today about:

 Sources of Knowledge
 Scientific method
 Concept of research in
education
 Types of research
 Need and scope of
research in education
Source of Knowledge

Sense Perception

Tradition

Authority

Expert Opinion

Rationality

Magic

Scientific Method
 Perception

 The ability to see, hear, or become aware of something

through the senses.
 The way in which something is regarded, understood, or
interpreted.
 The transmission of customs or beliefs from generation to
generation, or the fact of being passed on in this way.
 The power or right to give orders, make decisions, and
enforce obedience.
Expert Opinion
 Sometimes in search of knowledge one can take the testimony of
experts who, because of their intellect, training, expert experience
or aptitudes, are better informed than other people.
Rationality
 Rationalism is a system by which knowledge is gained by reason
and not experiencing the world.

 It is also called metaphysics.

Magic
 Another way an individual can gain knowledge and control the world
is through magic.

 There are two broad classes of magic. One is imitative magic and other
is contagious.
 In imitative magic people attempt to produce a desired effect by
imitating that effect.
 Contagious magic is based on associations between objects or events.
Scientific Method
 Research
 The systematic investigation into and study of materials and
sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions.
Educational research
 Educational research refers to the systematic
collection and analysis of data related to the field
of education. Research may involve a variety of
methods and various aspects of education
including student learning, teaching methods,
teacher training, and classroom dynamics.
Why Educational Research

 Improve the practices

 Add the knowledge
 Address the gaps in knowledge
 Expand knowledge
 Replicate knowledge (Test the different findings)
 To identify truth regarding Enrolment, retention, dropout,
quality of Education.
 To build new knowledge regarding the methodology &
pedagogy.
 To solve a problem related to classroom, institution,
administrative level, policy level.
 Characteristics of
Educational

Research
Tuckman B.W. (1978) has mentioned the following characteristics
of research:

 Research is systematic.
 Research is logical.
 Research is empirical.
 Research is reductive.
 Research is replicable and transmittable
 Main Characteristics of Scientific Research

 It is concerned with problems to be solved.

 Research is objective. Stress is- always on testing.
 Research is systematic and accurate investigation.
 Research collects facts.
 It helps to eliminate the self assumed stories.
 Need of Research

 RapidExpansion and Democratization of

Education.
 Technological Changes.
 New Demands on Education.
 Interdisciplinary Approach to Education.
 Knowledge Explosion and the Need for
Educational Research.
 Education and Productivity.
 Spirit of Research is Needed Everywhere.
 Research is Needed to Keep out of Fixed track.
 Educational research leads to the
following advantages:
• Educational research economies efforts and increases
efficiency.
• It brings confidence in the teacher.
• It also brings dignity to the work of the teacher.
• It leads to the adoption of new methods.
• It keeps up alert.
• It brings a sense of awareness.
• It develops a better understanding of the teaching
learning process.
• It enables us to have a better understanding of the
social life.
• It promotes educational reform.
Question/Answer Session?