PROPOSITION

AL LOGIC
Propositional Logic

• Studies the relationship between two or more propositions regardless of

its content.
• Propositions are declarative statement that expresses judgement or
opinion, thus it has a truth value.

“if the moon is made of cheese, then basketballs are round”

“if spiders have eight legs, then Anne walks with a limp”
 P: a grizzly is a bear
Q: a bear is a mammal
Example R: a grizzly is a mammal

: Each proposition (also called atomic

statement) can be combined with
logical connectives to form
compound or complex statements.
 Simple statement
Simple - contains no other statement
as part or has no addition of another
and proposition.

Complex Example:

Sentence Polytechnic University of the

Philippines is in Sta. Mesa, Manila

s
 Complex Statements
Simple - has at least one sentence and
has one or more logical connectives as a
and component.

Complex Example:
“if the moon is made of cheese, then
Sentence basketballs are round”

s “if spiders have eight legs, then Anne

walks with a limp”
 LOGICAL
CONNECTIV Logical
Connectives
Meaning / Stands for: Symbol
ES Negations not

Conjunctions and / but

Disjunctions or

Conditional /
If , then
Implications

Biconditional If and only if

 Truth Matrix

LOGICAL
CONNECTI
VES
(NEGATION
S)
 Truth Matrix

LOGICAL
CONNECTI
VES
(CONJUNCTIO
NS)
 Truth Matrix

LOGICAL
CONNECTI
VES
(DISJUNCTION
S)
 Truth Matrix

LOGICAL
CONNECTI
VES
(IMPLICATION
S)
 3 FORMS OF CONDITIONAL
STATEMENTS
P: It rains tonight
Q: I will have a good sleep
• INVERSE
-negates the propositions.
• CONVERSE
- Changes the position
• CONTRAPOSITIVE
-negates the converse
 NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT
CONDITIONS

• SUFFICIENT CONDITION
- Is something that is enough to guarantee the truth of
something else.

• NECESSARY CONDITION
- Is something that must be true in order for something else
to be true.
 Truth Matrix

LOGICAL
CONNECTI
VES
(BICONDITION
AL)
 TRANSLATING ENGLISH TO
PROPOSITIONAL LOGIC

• Victor hits the ball

• Reineil caught the ball
• Lucas chased the ball

Translate:
Victor hits the ball and Reineil caught it.
If Reineil caught the ball, then Lucas did not chase it.
Lucas chased the ball if and only if Victor hits it.
SEATWORK 1