Discrete Math

Module 1
Exercises and Activities
I. Exercises (25 pts)
A. State whether the following is a proposition (P) or not (N). If you find a proposition state whether it
is True (T) or False (F).

e.g.
a. Electricity is the flow of atoms. P F
b. What is a computer? N

1. London is in Denmark. P F
2. Do your Homework. N
3. Philippines wins the match. N
4. x is an even number. N
5. 5 is an odd number. P T
6. Manila. N
7. 5+7=10. P F
8. The moon is made of helium. P F
9. The only odd prime number is 2. PF

B. For each of the following sentences, determine whether inclusive OR (disjunction) or exclusive OR is
intended.

e.g.
a. You should pay for an amount of 100 pesos or 120 pesos for the expenses of our project.
Ans: Inclusive OR
b. Only one stock is remaining for this item, take it or leave it.
Ans: Exclusive OR

1. Coffee or Tea comes with dinner.

Ans: Exclusive OR
2. You can pay using US dollars or euros.
Ans: Inclusive OR
3. Dinner for two includes two items from column A or three items from column B.
Ans: Exclusive OR
4. A password must have at least three digits or be at least eight characters long.
Ans: Inclusive OR

Discrete Math Aljon B. Valdez

 5. To take discrete mathematics, you must have taken calculus or a course in computer engineering.
Ans: Exclusive OR

C. Determine whether each of this condition statement is true (T) or false (F).

e.g. Refer to Implication Truth Table

If a pen has an ink then it can write on a paper. Ans: T
T T

1. If 1 + 1 = 3, then dogs can fly. T

2. If 1 + 1 = 2, then dogs can fly. F
3. If monkeys can fly, then 1+1 = 3. T
4. If 1+1 = 2, then 2 + 2 = 5 F
5. If Manila is the capital of Philippines then Beijing is the capital of China. T

D. State the converse, contrapositive and inverse of the following statements:

e.g. You may refer to the topic.

1. If you receive an A grade in discrete math, then you will be awarded a scholarship.
Converse:
Contrapositive:
Inverse:

2. If exercise is good for health then, I will go to the park.

Converse:
Contrapositive:
Inverse:

II. Activities (25 pts)

A. Transform the following from symbols to sentence and from sentence to symbols
e.g.
Let’s Consider a propositional language where
p = “Alex is celebrating” q = “Tom is happy” r = “Anna is sad”

Discrete Math Aljon B. Valdez

 Note: If you have a standard keyboard format you may use the following symbols to represent the
logical operations.
Negation: ~ Disjunction: v Implication: ->
Conjunction: ^ Exclusive OR: (+) Biconditional: <->
a. Transform the following sentence into symbols.
● If Alex is celebrating then Tom and Anna are happy.
Ans: p -> (q ^ ~r)

b. Transform the following symbols into sentence.

● (p v q) <-> r
Ans: Alex is celebrating or Tom is happy if and only if Anna is sad.

🡪Let’s consider the following where:

p = “I like computers”
q = “I like technology”
r = “I am a computer engineer”

a. Transform the following symbols into words.

1. p v q
Ans:
2. p -> r
Ans:
3. ~p -> ~r
Ans:
4. (p ^ q) -> r
Ans:
5. r <-> (p ^ q)
Ans:

b. Transform the following symbols into words.

1. I don’t like computers or I like technology.
Ans:
2. If I am not a computer engineer then I don’t like computers.
Ans:
3. I like computers or I like technology if and only if I am a computer engineer.
Ans:
4. It is not the case that I like computers or I don’t like technology.
Ans:
5. If I don’t like math, then I don’t like science.

Discrete Math Aljon B. Valdez

 Ans:

B. Compute the truth table of the following:

Tips: You may refer to the last page of the topic.

e.g.
(p v q) ^ ~(p ^ q).

Tips: Prioritized a parenthesis () then negation and so on (refer to precedence).

p q pvq p^q ~(p ^ q) (p v q) ^ ~(p ^ q)

T T T T F F
T F T F T T
F T T F T T
F F F F T F

🡪 Construct a truth table then compute the following:

1. (p -> q) v (p -> ~q)

p q p -> q ~q p -> ~q (p -> q) v (p -> ~q)

2. s = (~p v q) ^ (q -> ~r ^ ~p) ^ (p v r)

p q r s
T T T
T T F
T F T

Discrete Math Aljon B. Valdez

 T F F
F T T
F T F
F F T
F F F

Discrete Math Aljon B. Valdez