Trigonometric Addition

Formulae
Chapter 4
Learning Objectives
• Prove and use of addition formulae.
• Understand and use the double-angle formulae.
• Solve trigonometric equation using the double-angled and addition
formulae.
• Write the expressions of the form in the forms or .
• Prove trigonometric identities using a variety of identities.
Addition Formulae(Compound-angle)

𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝑨+𝑩)≡𝐬𝐢𝐧𝑨𝐜𝐨𝐬𝑩+𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑨𝐬𝐢𝐧𝑩
Proof of
You need to understand the geometric proofs of these formulas
(Not needed for exam)

sin ( 𝐴 + 𝐵 )

𝐵
𝐴
cos ( 𝐴+ 𝐵 )
Proof of
Width of diagram will give
Y sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵
1: Suppose we had a line of
cos ( 𝐴+ 𝐵 ) 𝐵
si n
length 1 projected an angle Height of diagram will give
of above the horizontal.
Then the length of
𝐴 cos 𝐴sin 𝐵

OX sin ( 𝐴 + 𝐵 )
It would seem sensible to try
and find this same length in
1
terms of and individually.

s 𝐵
2:We can achieve this c o
by forming right-angled 𝐵 sin 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵
triangles.
𝐴
O X
cosB
𝐬𝐢𝐧 ( 𝑨 − 𝑩¿) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ( 𝑨+ ( − 𝑩 ) )
¿ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ( 𝑨 ) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ( − 𝑩 ) + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ( 𝑨 ) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ( − 𝑩)

¿ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑩− 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑨 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑩

Odd function

even Function
𝐜𝐨𝐬 ( 𝑨+ 𝑩 )
¿ 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝝅
(𝟐
− ( 𝑨+ 𝑩 ) ) We know that

¿ 𝐬𝐢𝐧
(( 𝝅
𝟐 )
− 𝑨 +( − 𝑩 )
)
¿ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ( 𝝅
𝟐 )
− 𝑨 𝐜𝐨𝐬 (− 𝑩 ) + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 (
𝝅
𝟐 )
− 𝑨 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ( − 𝑩 )

¿ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑨 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑩− 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑩

 tan 𝐴 − tan 𝐵
tan ( 𝐴 − 𝐵 ) ≡
1 + tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵
Examples
Find the exact value of

Write as single trigonometric ratio.

Example
Find if and
Both and are acute. Give an exact answer.
Example
Using addition formula to Show that,
•

sec 105 ° =− √ 2 ( 1+ √ 3 )
Example
Using the addition formula for cos, show that
Example
a) Given that express in terms of .

b) Use your answer to solve

in the interval .
Examples
Without using calculator, determine the exact value of;

tan ( 75 ° )

cos ( 75° )
Exam Question
Edexcel June 2013 C3 Q3

Given that
Show, without using a calculator, that
Hence solve for, ,
Giving your answer to 1d.p.
We know that
Exercise 4A
Exercise 4A
Exercise 4A
Exercise 4A
Exercise 4A
Double Angle Formulae

Double angle formulas are special case of addition formulas,

using instead of .
Quickfire Questions
Simplify:
?
?
sin 2𝑥=2sin 𝑥cos𝑥
?
?
?
Examples
Q Use a double angle formula to work out the exact value of

Q where is acute.
Find the exact value of
Example
Write as a single trigonometric ratios.
4 sin 70
sec 70

1 −2 𝑠𝑖𝑛
3𝑥
2
2 ( )
Example
Prove that
Example
Given that and ,
eliminate and express in terms of
Solving Trigonometric Equations

This is effectively the same type of question you encountered in

PURE 2, except you may need to use either the addition formulae or
double angle formulae.
Example
Solve the equation in the interval .
Exam Question
Edexcel Jan 2013 C3 Q6
Mark Scheme
Exam Question
Use formula for to show that

Solve for
cos ⁡( 𝜃 + 8 °)
2 sin ( 𝜃 +17 ° ) =
sin ⁡( 𝜃 +17 ° )
Exam Question
The Half angle formulas
The double angle formulas can be rearranged to get another three
useful identities
•
Both of these from
A
Example
Show that

Use above to solve in the interval

Give your answer to 1d.p.
Factor Formulae (Product Formulae)
Deduced from Addition Formulae
Example
Use the formulae for and to derive the result
1 1
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑄 ≡ 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑃 +𝑄 ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 𝑃 −𝑄 )
2 2
Example
Using the result that
a) Show that
b) Solve for,
Example
Prove that
𝑎 sin 𝜃 + 𝑏 cos 𝜃
If you sketch or draw graph on Desmos or GeoGebra, the graph of

You will see that it has the form or but stretched vertically and
translated horizontally

This suggests we can represent it as ,

where is the horizontal translation and the stretch on the -axis.
The R Addition Formulae
If you’re solving an equation that contains both sinƟ and cosƟ terms, e.g.

You need to rewrite it so that it only contains one trig function.

The formula you need for this are

Where a, b and R are positive and α is acute.

𝑎 sin 𝜃 + 𝑏 cos 𝜃
Q Put in the form giving in degrees to 1dp.
• STEP 1: Expanding:
?
• STEP 2: Comparing coefficients:
?
• STEP 3: Using the fact that
?

• STEP 4: Using the fact that

?
• STEP 5: Put values back into original expression
?
Example
Show that

Hence , sketch the graph of in interval

Test Your Understanding
Put in the form giving in terms of .

Put in the form giving in terms of .

?
Further Examples
Put in the form where
Hence solve, for , the equation

Therefore:

(Without using calculus), find the maximum value of , and give the smallest
positive value of at which it arises.
Use either or before that way the + sign in the middle matches
up.

?
Cos is at most 1,thus the expression has value at most 13.
This occurs when (as ) thus
Maxima
What is the maximum value of the expression and determine the
smallest positive value of (in degrees) at which it occurs
Expression Maximum Smallest Ɵ at maximum
Exam Question
Solution
Exam Question
Edexcel June 2013 C3 Q6
Exam Question
Exam Question
Exam Question
[OCR] By writing or otherwise,
prove the identity

𝒙
( ) ()
𝟐 𝒙
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙≡𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐 × ≡ 𝟐𝐜𝐨𝐬 − 𝟏
𝟐
?

𝟐
Just for your interest…
So if , and are the ‘core’
trigonometric functions,
where does come into
the fray?”
A common myth is that , and are
the ‘core’ trigonometric functions

Cotangent
“cosine” (), “cotangent” () and
“cosecant” () are the
cosine ‘complementary’ trig functions.
Actually, they’re and !
Complementary angles add to .
The two smaller angles in a right-
A tangent is a line which
Tangent angled triangle are clearly

𝜃
1

−
touches the circle. We’re sine complementary

90
interested in the length just 𝜃
between the touching point
and where it meets the secant. Secant The complementary sine (cosine) of an angle is
by definition the sine of the complementary
A secant (shortened to ‘sec’) angle, e.g. . Thus:
is a line which cuts the circle.
In a trig setting, we’re
interested in the length from
the circle centre to where it
meets the tangent.