RECIPROCATING ENGINE EXHAUST

SYSTEM
AMT 227

Prepared by:

MR. NINO ANGOB

A&P LIC# : 158167-AMT
GRADING SYSTEM
 School policies /
Rules and Regulation
Course Syllabus
• INTRODUCTION

• EXHAUST SYSTEM

• TYPES OF EXHAUST SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION
• The reciprocating engine exhaust system is fundamentally a
scavenging system that collects and disposes of the high temperature,
noxious gases being discharged by the engine. Its main function is to
dispose of the gases with complete safety to the airframe and the
occupants of the aircraft.
• The exhaust system can perform many useful functions, but its first
duty is to provide protection against the potentially destructive action
of the exhaust gases. Modern exhaust systems, though comparatively
light, adequately resist high temperatures, corrosion, and vibration to
provide long, trouble-free operation with minimum maintenance.
EXHAUST SYSTEMS
• In both a reciprocating and turbine engine, the purpose of the exhaust system is to remove the spent gases of
com­bustion and safely route them overboard. For an engine to operate at its maximum efficiency, these systems
must function properly. In addition, because a failure of this system could have disastrous results, such as fires
or intro­ducing toxic gases into the cabin, it is imperative that the system be inspected and maintained
according to the manufacturer's recommendations
• A reciprocating engine produces high temperature and noxious gases as combustion takes place within the
engine. Since these exhaust gases are corrosive and the exhaust system is subjected to a wide range of
temperatures, many modern exhaust systems are made up of components using nickel-chromium steel or
other corrosive and heat resistant alloys. These metals not only resist corrosion and heat but possess low
expansion coefficients and low weight, and provide long, trouble-free operation with a min­imum of
maintenance
TYPES OF EXHAUST SYSTEMS
• There are two general types of exhaust systems in use on reciprocating aircraft
engines: the short stack or open system and the collector system. The short stack
system is generally used on non supercharged engines and low powered engines
where noise level is not a factor. The collector system is used on most large non
supercharged engines and on installations where it would improve nacelle
streamlining or provide easier maintenance in the nacelle area. It is also found on
all turbo supercharged engines where the exhaust gases must be collected and
routed to the turbine. The disadvantage of the collector sys­tem is that it increases
the back pressure of the exhaust system, which in turn reduces horsepower.
However, the increased horsepower achieved by turbo supercharging more than
offsets the loss cre­ated by the back pressure
SHORT STACKS
• Early in-line and V-engines often used straight stacks which were simply short sections of steel
tubing welded to a flange and bolted to the cylinder exhaust port. These short stacks were effective
at getting the exhaust out of the engine compartment, but they had no silencing capability, and
when the aircraft was side-slipped, cold air could flow into these stacks and warp the exhaust
valves.
• The short stack system is relatively simple, and its removal and installation
consists essentially of removing and installing the hold-down nuts and clamps.
• The short stack system is generally used on nonsupercharged engines
and low-powered engines where noise level is not too objectionable.
COLLECTOR SYSTEMS
• The collector systems you might encounter on an airplane include the
opposed type engine exhaust manifold and the radial engine collector
rings.
• The collector system is used on most large nonsupercharged engines
and on all turbosupercharged engines and installations on which it
would improve nacelle streamlining or provide easier maintenance in
the nacelle area.
• On turbosupercharged engines, the exhaust gases must be
collected to drive the turbine compressor of the supercharger.
RADIAL ENGINE EXHAUST COLLECTOR RINGS

• Radial engines use an exhaust manifold made up of pieces of tubing that are fitted
together with loose slip joints. In addition to aiding in aligning exhaust
components, slip joints compensate for expansion when an engine is running,
expanding or contract­ing to fit together tightly and eliminate leakage.
• Each section of the collector is bolted to a bracket on the blower section of the
engine, and is partly sup­ported by a sleeve connection between the collector.
those used on automobiles have been used to reduce engine noise to a tolerable level. The muffler receives the exhaust from the cylinders and passes it through a series of baffles to break up the sound energy. The exha

to those used on automobiles have been used to reduce engine noise to a tolerable level. The muffler receives the exhaust from the cylinders and passes it through a series of baffles to break up the sound energy. The exh

MUFFLERS AND HEAT EXCHANGERS

• Noise is a problem in aviation engines, and studies have been made to

find practical ways of increasing the frequency and reducing the
intensity of the noise. Propellers produce a large portion of the total
noise, but the energy in the exhaust also accounts for an appreciable
amount
• Exhaust collectors carried the gases safely away from the engine, but
did little to nothing about reducing noise levels. It was discovered that
if the ends of the collectors were cut at a taper and the exhaust
discharged through a relatively narrow slot rather than through the
straight open pipe, the noise was reduced.
EXHAUST AUGMENTORS

• On some engines, exhaust augmentors are installed to aid in cooling.

Exhaust augmentors use the velocity of the exiting exhaust gases to
produce a venturi effect to draw more airflow over the engine.
• On some engines, exhaust augmentors are installed to aid in cooling.
Exhaust augmentors use the velocity of the exiting exhaust gases to
produce a venturi effect to draw more airflow over the engine.
• Since the exhaust augmentor heats up similar to a muffler, a heat
exchanger could be placed around the augmentor. This heated air
could then be used for cabin heat or for de-ice or anti-ice purposes