Dr.

Deepak Gupta

Questionnaire / Question
Process
Research Question?
SMART
SPECFIC: Who and What, (Who is involve that population)
MEASURABLE: BY HOW MUCH
ACHIEVABLE:
o How to proceed it.
o What is study Design
o Sampling Technique
o How I will Approach the patient
o How I will approach the community.
RELEVANT: Why ?
TIME BOUND: When (How much time is needed)
Conti…..
Define the
Interpret
objective of
the result
the survey

Administer
the Determine
questionnai the
re (Eg. sampling
Email or group.
personal)
write the
Questionnai
re
(Language
and item
writing)
Questionnaire
SELF ADMINISTRED INTERVIEW - ADMINISTRED

Internet and internet – Mediated TELE PHONE QUEST.

Questionnaires Eg. Survey, Own
conveniences
Postal question : Hard Copy / STRUCTURED QUEST.
Email
Delivery and collection
question…

Eg. I am sitting in big hall with

600 participant, give form and
collection.
WHAT IS TYPE OF QUESTION ?

STRUCTURED: Wording and order of questions are

uniform for all Respondents.

UNSTRUCTURED: Wording and order of question can vary for

different subject usually used for qualitative studies like FGDs, Case
studies etc.
Conti…
OPEN ENDED : What is your favorite color ? Eg. Purple
CLOSED ENDED OR FIXED : YES /NO or TRUE and FALSE
Questions.
Eg. Do you like the color Yellow ? (YES / NO )
MCQ : MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
MY FAVOURITE COLOR IS
A. RED
B. BLUE
C. YELLOW
RATING SCALES
Rank in order your performance for each color with 1
being your favorite Color.
a. Red
b. Blue
c. Yellow
What is Questionnaire Design Step..

Every Question must Be…..

 Clear
 Non – Ambiguous (Ans. Clearly)
 Add value to your data pool
 Length of survey
 Optimal Length
Specify the Data need and operational Definition.

 Determine the survey method.

Eg. Google form
 Determine the question content wording and structure
Are you using C.L. ?
 Determine the scale and Response Format.
 Pretesting and revising the Questionnaire
 Assessing the Reliability and validity of the survey
 Administrating and placing the questionnaire on line…
What is Biostatics
Biostatics is application of Statistics in biology
i.e. : Science of Figure in medical Science.

Data : Set Of information facts or figure numerically coded and

from which conclusions may be draw is called data. (Singular
Datum)

STATISTICS : The collection of methods used in planning an

experiment and analyzing data in order to drawn accurate
Conclusion.
What is Categories of Biostatistics
Descriptive Statistics :
Summarize and Organize characteristics of data set.
INFERNTIAL STATISTICS :

Tries to infer inform about a population by using inform

gathered by sampling.

it helps you decide whether the data confirms or refutes

hypothesis and whether it is generalized to a larger population.
Descriptive Analysis (Quantitative data)

CENTRAL TENDENCY DISPERSION

MEAN: AVERAGE Standard Deviation

MEDIAN : MIDDLE Standard Error

MODE: Most Common Confidential Limit

Skewness
Conti……
MEAN : 3,2,10, 5
3+2+10+5 = 20/4 = 5
MEDAIN : 3+5= 8/2=4
MODE: NO MODE
Range : Smallest to Large
Eg.: Temp.
Outlier: A number in “set of or smaller than the rest of the number.
What is Standard deviation?
 It tells how much score deviates from the mean.
 It is the square root of the variance.
 It is most commonly used measure of spread.
SD =

SD ERROR= SD / √N
SKEWNESS= 3 (Mean-Median) / SD
Average Amount of Variability in your data set.
It tells on average how far each score lies from the mean.
The data is larger the SD.
Measure of variability
 Range : The range gives you an idea of how far apart the
most extreme response score are ?

 Extreme response : Highest & Lowest Part.

 Simply Subtract lowest value from the Highest value.

VARIANCE
 The Variance Is The Average Of Squared Deviation From The Mean.

 Variance Refects The Degree Of Spread In The Data Set.

 The More Spread The Data The Larger The Variance Is In Relation To The
Mean .

 Simply Square The Standard Deviation ?

 The Symbol For Variance Is S2