TITLE OF SIP

TITLE 1: CITRIC ACID (LEMON) AND ACTIVE CHARCOAL FOR

DEODORIZER

TITLE 2: ALOE VERA AND OREGANO FOR INSECT REPELLENT

LOTION

TITLE 3: TINTED FRUITS AS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR WATERCOLOR

TITLE 4: PINK HIMALAYAN SALT AIR PURIFIER TO IMPROVE

DIGESTION

TITLE 5: HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL CURRENT RESULTING DEEP

BURNS TO CREATE FIRE (FLAMELESS LIGHTER)
Members
Calatrava, Say A. , Florendo, Abigail R. , Zacarias, Kenneth M.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

RATIONALE PROCEDURES,
01 Include a brief synopsis of the background that supports
your research problem and explain why this research is
important and if applicable, explain any societal impact of
03 RISK AND SAFETY,
DATA ANALYSIS
your research.

RESEARCH QUESTION(S),
HYPOTHESIS(ES),
VARIABLES
02 ENGINEERING GOAL(S),
EXPECTED OUTCOMES
04 Independent Variables
How is this based on the rationale Dependent Variables
described above?
Controlled Variables
 RESEARCH LEADER
NAME: Calatrava, Say A.

EMAIL: calatrava.say2@gmail.com

CONTACT NUMBER: 09690147103

09942122957
 RESEARCHER
NAME: Florendo, Abigail R.

EMAIL: florendoa004@gmail.com

CONTACT NUMBER: 09452209460

 RESEARCHER
NAME: Zacarias, Kenneth M.

EMAIL: kennethzacarias01@gmail.com

CONTACT NUMBER: 09958390747

TITLE 1: CITRIC ACID (LEMON)
AND ACTIVE CHARCOAL FOR
DEODORIZER
 01
RATIONALE
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
 RATIONALE
The reasons for conducting this study of citric acid
(lemon) and activated charcoal are because, we
want to make non hazardous deodorizer, because
lemon and charcoal are natural substances that is
non-harmless to people. Charcoal is a powerful
ingredient in odor removal,activated charcoal can
be used to remove unpleasant smells from the
home, car, or anywhere as well as to purify the air.
Citric acid such as lemon can be used flavor
enhancer and also as a deodorizer.
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
STUDY
1. The study of citric acid (lemon) and charcoal as deodorizer will
help to advance our understanding of creating deodorizer made of
lemon and activated charcoal and the effects of it on surfaces.
2.Knowing the effectiveness of citric acid (lemon) and activated
charcoal as deodorizer in car, indoor, and other surfaces.
3. The reasons for conducting this study of citric acid (lemon) and
activated charcoal are that, we want to make a non-hazardous
deodorizer because lemon and charcoal are natural substances that
are non-harmless to people.
 02
RESEARCH QUESTION(S), HYPOTHESIS(ES),
ENGINEERING GOAL(S), EXPECTED OUTCOMES

You can enter a subtitle here if you need it

 STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
1. How can citric acid (lemon) and activated charcoal be combined
or applied to enhance their deodorizing effects?

2. Can we really make deodorizer made of citric acid (lemon) and

activated charcoal?

3. What are the environmental and economic benefits of using

citric acid (lemon) and activated charcoal as deodorizers?
 GOALS

Our goal in making this deodorizer are to:

-Mask or eliminate unpleasant odors in cars, indoors, and
other surfaces.
-To make deodorizer made of natural substances instead of
deodorizers that are made of chemicals.
-To save up money and make our own deodorizer instead
of buying.
 EXPECTED OUTCOMES
Our expected outcomes for this deodorizer are making
our deodorizer non-hazardous, not affecting the
quality of air, and harmless to people's health. And our
last expected outcome is making this deodorizer to
save up money.
 03
PROCEDURES, RISK AND SAFETY,
DATA ANALYSIS
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
 PROCEDURES
-Prepare a big jar or container with lid.
-The lid must have small holes, using a hammer and nail, you can
hammer the lid to make holes.
-Prepare your citric acid (Lemon) and your activated charcoal.
-Squeeze the lemon and pour the juice in your prepared big jar or
container.
-After pouring the juice into a jar, put at least 3 teaspoons of
activated charcoal and shake it well.
-Place the big jar or container in a safe place.
-Finally, pour the deodorizer into a spray bottle and use it.
 RISK AND SAFETY
Risk
-Can make eyes irritated when we accidentally sprayed it
into our eyes.
-People who are allergic to it can make them irritated and
sick. -Flammable

Safety
-Stay away from this deodorizer from kids
. -Do not spray it near tank gases or fire, it can make the
fire bigger and stronger.
 DATA ANALYSIS
Our research on the use of citric acid (produced from
lemon) and active charcoal as deodorizers revealed some
interesting results. The findings of this investigation found
that combining citric acid and active charcoal efficiently
neutralized odors in a variety of environments. The
synergy between these two components resulted in odor
reduction that surpassed traditional deodorizers. This data
demonstrates that citric acid and active charcoal-based
deodorizers offer an eco-friendly and efficient traditional
odor control technique.
 04
VARIABLES
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
 VARIABLES
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES:
1. Concentration of Citric Acid
2. Amount of Activated Charcoal
3. Temperature
4. Combination of Citric Acid and Activated Charcoal
5. Type of Odor Source
6. Surface Area of Activated Charcoal
7. Exposure Conditions
DEPENDENT VARIABLE:
Odor Perception or Intensity - Prior to and during the application of the deodorizing agents, assess the change in odor intensity
using olfactory judgments made by humans or with the aid of objective odor measurement tools.
Percent reduction in odor - Determine each treatment group's % reduction in odor intensity when compared to a control group.
Deodorization time - Note how long it takes the deodorizing agents to get the odor down to a manageable level.
Consumer Response - Gather feedback from customers or users who have been exposed to the deodorized atmosphere in order to
gauge their satisfaction and opinion of its efficacy.
 VARIABLES
CONSTANT/CONTROLLED VARIABLES:

Kind and Origin of Odor- Consistency in the odorous material should be maintained by using the same type and source
of odor for all experimental groups.

Odor intensity at first- Ensure that the odor sources initial level of intensity is constant across all experimental groups.

Humidity and temperature - To prevent outside influences from impacting the experiment's deodorization procedure,
maintain constant temperatures and humidity levels.

Exposure Period - Ensure that all groups receive the same amount of time to expose the odor source to the deodorizing
agents. Dimensions and Container Types - To eliminate container-related factors, all experimental groups should use
containers that have the same size, shape, and material.

Application strategy - If applying the deodorizing chemicals according to a certain procedure, do so consistently.
TITLE 2: ALOE VERA AND
OREGANO FOR INSECT
REPELLENT LOTION
 01
RATIONALE
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
 RATIONALE
The use of natural ingredients in insect repellent lotions
has gained popularity due to concerns over the safety
and environmental impact of synthetic chemicals
often present in commercial repellents. Two natural
compounds that have shown potential for repelling
insects are aloe vera and oregano. Aloe vera is known
for its soothing and moisturizing effects, while
oregano contains chemicals that repel insects.
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
STUDY
- The study of Aloe vera and oregano as natural insect repellent
lotion ingredients provides a more sustainable and
environmentally friendly option.
- The study of Aloe vera and oregano for insect repellent lotions
advances our scientific understanding of the qualities of these
plants and their potential applications in the future.
- Investigating the properties of Aloe vera and oregano may lead
to the development of gentler insect repellent lotions ideal for
sensitive skin. Using insect repellent lotion on the skin can help
soothe and moisturize it, minimizing irritation and discomfort
caused by insect bites.
 02
RESEARCH QUESTION(S), HYPOTHESIS(ES),
ENGINEERING GOAL(S), EXPECTED OUTCOMES

You can enter a subtitle here if you need it

 STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
1. How effective are Aloe Vera and Oregano in repelling a wide range of
insects, including mosquitoes, ticks, and flies, when compared to
synthetic chemical-based repellents?
2. How Aloe Vera and Oregano be combined to make an Insect Repellent
Lotion?
3. How effective are Aloe Vera and Oregano in repelling a wide range of
insects, including mosquitoes, ticks, and flies, when compared to
synthetic chemical-based repellents?
 GOALS

- To guarantee consumer safety and market access

- To be costly and effective to produce that makes it
accessible to a wide range of consumers
- To provide protection from insects, mosquitoes, ticks,
flies, and other pests.
 EXPECTED OUTCOMES
1. Efficacy of Insect Repellents:
- When applied to the skin, the lotion should show a discernible decrease in insect bites,
shielding the user from common pests like mosquitoes, flies, or ticks.
2. Skin-Friendly:
- The lotion shouldn't irritate, create redness, or trigger allergic reactions in people with
different skin types. It should also be mild on the skin.
3. Wholesome Ingredients
- Because it contains oregano and aloe vera, the product should have a natural, organic appeal
that will appeal to consumers looking for chemical-free substitutes.
4. Moisturizing and Calming
- Aloe vera is well known for its hydrating and calming effects. Skin should feel moisturized
and revitalized after applying the lotion.
5. Protection That Lasts:
- The repellent effect should last for at least a few hours, offering protection without the need
for frequent reapplication.
 EXPECTED OUTCOMES
6. Delightful Aroma:
-Due to oregano's inherent fragrance, the lotion could have a pleasant
perfume. Users shouldn't, however, find it oppressive or unpleasant.
7. Safety:
-There shouldn't be any negative side effects from using the lotion on either
adults or children.
8. Convenience of Use:
-The lotion should not leave a greasy or sticky residue on the skin and should be
simple for users to use on their skin.
9. Storage and Packaging:
-The product needs to be stored in a way that protects its potency and lengthens
its shelf life.
10. Gratifying the user:
-Positive reviews from customers who enjoy using the lotion and find it to be
efficient, secure, and safe.
 03
PROCEDURES, RISK AND SAFETY,
DATA ANALYSIS
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
 PROCEDURES
-In a glass or plastic bowl, combine the gel and oil, stirring carefully to ensure even
distribution.
-Other essential oils can be added for fragrance and repellency.
-Melt a natural emulsifier to create a stable emulsion.
-Gradually add distilled water to the mixture and stir until the required lotion consistency
is reached.
-Test the lotion on your skin for irritation or allergic reactions, and make any necessary
adjustments.
-Label the lotion and place it in dark-colored containers with airtight lids.
-Before engaging in outdoor activities, apply the lotion to exposed skin regions and
reapply as needed.
-Keep it cool and dry, away from direct sunlight.
 RISK AND SAFETY
Risk
- Allergic reactions to aloe vera and oregano are conceivable, but they are
rare.
- In some people, it might cause skin irritation or contact dermatitis.

Safety
- Keep aloe vera and oregano-based insect repellent lotion away from your
eyes and mucous membranes.
- To avoid skin irritation, it should be used at low quantities.
 DATA ANALYSIS
The data analysis of the aloe vera and oregano-based insect
repellent lotion has shown promising results. In our
investigation, we ran a number of experiments to see how
efficient the lotion was at repelling insects. The lotion
effectively reduced insect bites as compared to a control
group. These findings suggest that an insect repellent lotion
containing aloe vera and oregano has the potential to be a
natural and effective solution to insect protection. However,
environmental factors such as temperature and humidity are
considered when advising its use.
 04
VARIABLES
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES:
VARIABLES
Concentration of Aloe Vera
Concentration of Oregano
Type of Aloe Vera Extract
Incorporation of Additional Ingredients
Application Method
Storage Conditions
Testing Environment
Duration of Protection
Frequency of Application

DEPENDENT VARIABLE:
1. Effectiveness of Insect Repellents- Use controlled studies or live insect testing to gauge the lotion's insect-repelling effectiveness.
The quantity of insect bites or the length of protection may be dependent variables.
2. Allergic Responses- Examine any unfavorable skin reactions, such as redness, itching, or irritation, brought on by the lotion. This
determines how skin-friendly the lotion is.
3. Texture and consistency of lotion- Assess the lotion's texture and consistency following changes to the amounts of aloe vera and
oregano or the addition of other ingredients. User satisfaction and application simplicity may be impacted by this.
4. Aromatic and Fragrant- Evaluate the lotion's perfume or smell, which may affect consumer preferences. This could entail
smelling the lotion and making subjective judgments or doing chemical analysis.
 VARIABLES
CONSTANT/CONTROLLED VARIABLES:
1. Source and Quality of Aloe Vera and Oregano - Use a consistent source and quality of aloe vera gel and oregano oil or
extract throughout the experiment to eliminate variations in raw materials.
2. Base Lotion Ingredients - Keep the ingredients of the lotion base (e.g., carrier oils, emulsifiers, preservatives) consistent to
ensure that changes in repellent efficacy are not due to variations in the base formula.
3. Lotion Production Method - Follow the same production method or process for creating the lotion in all experiments to
maintain consistency in texture, stability, and other properties.
4. Testing Equipment and Tools - Use the same equipment and tools (e.g., beakers, stirring rods, containers) for measuring,
mixing, and applying the lotion to eliminate variability caused by different equipment.
5. Testing Conditions - Keep environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and lighting consistent during experiments
to avoid external factors affecting the results.
6. Testing Timeframes - Conduct tests and observations at the same time of day or within specific timeframes to minimize
variations caused by diurnal or seasonal changes.
7. Insect Species - If using live insects for repellency tests, use the same species of insects consistently to ensure that variations
in repellent efficacy are not due to insect preferences.
8. Skin Type or Model: - If conducting skin irritation tests, use the same type of skin model (e.g., human volunteers or synthetic
skin) consistently for all tests.
9. Concentration of Other Ingredients - Keep the concentration of any additional ingredients (e.g., essential oils, thickeners) in
the lotion consistent unless you are specifically varying them as part of the experiment
10. Duration of Repellency Testing - Ensure that the duration of repellency testing remains constant to assess the lotion's
effectiveness over specific time intervals consistently.
 TITLE 3: TINTED FRUITS AS AN
ALTERNATIVE FOR WATERCOLOR
 01
RATIONALE
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
 RATIONALE
Tinted fruits can be used as an alternative for
water color because they contain natural
pigments that can stain paper or other
surfaces. Some fruits, such as berries,
avocados, pomegranates have a strong and
vibrant color that can be extracted by
boiling them with water and some
additives.
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
STUDY
1. The study of tinted fruits as an alternative for watercolor can help
us to know or to use the different pigments that gives fruits their
color. Also, it can help us to balance the right color or mixed tge
right colors we need or want.

2. The ability for artists to experiment with various fruits and

methods to produce distinctive and varied colours and effects
may encourage creativity and innovation.

3. Tinted fruits as an alternative for water color may have

educational value as it can be used by children without harming
them because these natural materials are safe.
 02
RESEARCH QUESTION(S), HYPOTHESIS(ES),
ENGINEERING GOAL(S), EXPECTED OUTCOMES

You can enter a subtitle here if you need it

 STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
1. Can really tinted fruits be an alternative for
watercolor?

2. Does tinted fruits as an alternative for water color

may fade or change in color?

3. If we use tinted fruits as an alternative for

watercolor, can we make a good work or art made of it
without fading or changing in color and it cannot be so
difficult to use?
 GOALS

Our goals for making this study are to make a harmful/safe to

use watercolors for the environment specially for the children,
unlike of using a water color that is made of chemicals. Lastly,
to make a water color that are made of edible ingredients and
having a good scent from fruits.
 EXPECTED OUTCOMES

- our expected outcome for this study are to make a unique

water color that is good as the normal water colors that
are made of chemicals.
- To make a water color that having a lasting color.
- To make a water color that is not changing the smell and
the color.
 03
PROCEDURES, RISK AND SAFETY,
DATA ANALYSIS
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
 PROCEDURES

- Choose a fruit that you want to use for your color. It should be
colorful enough to color a surface.
-Prepare your chosen tinted fruits.
- Cut the fruits into piece and crush them until you get the juice,
or use blender.
- Put the juice on a palette and let it cool.
- Clean the area, make sure there is no stain will leave.
 RISK AND SAFETY
Tinted fruits watercolor can pose risks to participants, including allergies,
staining clothing, sharp objects, food safety, and inhalation risks. To
minimize these risks, participants should choose non-toxic materials, wear
protective clothing, use safe cutting tools, and ensure proper ventilation.
Hand hygiene is also crucial, and clean workspaces are essential.
Participants should be educated on potential risks and safety measures, and
have a first aid kit on hand for minor injuries. Emergency contact
information should be known in case of a serious incident. Proper ventilation
and safety measures are also crucial to prevent cross-contamination and
ensure the safety of all participants.
 DATA ANALYSIS
The data analysis of using tinted fruits as an alternative watercolor
discovers exciting creative possibilities. Through a series of artistic
experiments, it was discovered that many fruits, such as berries,
avocados, and pomegranates, can be effectively used to make
vibrant and unique watercolor pigments. This data shows that tinted
fruits could be an appealing and ecologically friendly alternative to
traditional watercolor paints. Continued research to improve
processes and expand the variety of fruit-based pigments not only
provides artists with an exciting possibility for creative
breakthroughs but also emphasizes the importance of sustainability
in the world of art.
 04
VARIABLES
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
 VARIABLES
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES
- TYPE OF FRUIT
- FRUIT CONCENTRATION
- FRUIT PREPARATION METHOD
- PAPER TYPE
- BRUSH TYPE
- ORDER OF APPLICATION

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

1. Color intensity: You can measure the intensity or vibrancy of the colors in the watercolor paintings. This could involve using a colorimeter or subjective assessments by
observers.

2. Colorfastness: Assess how well the colors created from tinted fruits resist fading or changing over time. This could involve exposing the paintings to light or other
environmental factors and measuring color changes.

3. Blendability: Evaluate how well the fruit pigments blend with each other or with other watercolor paints. This could involve observing the smoothness of transitions between
colors.

4. Drying time: Measure the time it takes for the watercolor paintings to dry when using fruit pigments compared to traditional watercolor paints.

5. Opacity/Transparency: Determine how opaque or transparent the fruit-based pigments are on the paper compared to other watercolor paints.

6. Consistency: Evaluate the consistency of the fruit pigments in terms of texture, thickness, or smoothness when applied to the paper.
CONSTANT/CONTROLLED VARIABLES
VARIABLES
1. Water source: Use the same type of water (e.g., tap water, distilled water) consistently throughout your experiment to ensure uniformity in the watercolor
mixture.

2. Paper type: Maintain a consistent type of paper (e.g., watercolor paper) with the same texture, thickness, and quality for all your paintings to eliminate
variations in paper absorbency.

3. Brush type and quality: Use the same type and quality of brushes for applying the fruit pigments to the paper to prevent variations in brushstroke and
texture.

4. Fruit preparation tools: Use the same tools and equipment for preparing fruit pigments (e.g., blenders, juicers) consistently to maintain uniformity in the
pigment extraction process.

5. Time of day: Perform the painting at the same time of day to minimize potential variations due to changes in natural lighting.

6. Observation criteria: If you have specific criteria for assessing the paintings (e.g., color intensity, blendability), establish and maintain consistent evaluation
criteria throughout the experiment.

7. Fruit ripeness: Ensure that the fruits used for pigment extraction have a consistent level of ripeness or maturity to avoid variations in the pigment's color. By
controlling these constant variables, you can focus on the specific factors you want to investigate (independent variables) and observe their effects on the
outcome (dependent variables) without the interference of other unrelated factors. This helps ensure the validity and reliability of your watercolor painting
experiment using tinted fruits.
TITLE 4: PINK HIMALAYAN SALT
AIR PURIFIER FOR LESSENING
STRESS AND IMPROVE SLEEP
 01
RATIONALE
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
 RATIONALE
Pink Himalayan Salt Air Purifier can surely be used
as decorative objects and can help to create a peaceful
atmosphere in a room, which can be delightful and
conducive to relaxation while eating. A soft, pleasant
glow from a himalayan salt purifier can create a
peaceful and calming mood in a room. Relaxing in such
an environment may help people decompress and
reduce stress, especially when employed as part of a
pre-bedtime relaxation routine.
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
STUDY
- This study enables for the investigation of alternative and
complementary therapies for stress reduction and improved sleep.
- The study may reveal differences among people in response to Pink
Himalayan air purifiers, allowing for more individualized
suggestions for stress management and sleep enhancement.
- This study could help develop solutions to help individuals live more
fulfilling and healthier lives.
 02
RESEARCH QUESTION(S), HYPOTHESIS(ES),
ENGINEERING GOAL(S), EXPECTED OUTCOMES

You can enter a subtitle here if you need it

 STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
- Is there a difference in self-reported stress levels between people who
use Pink Himalayan air purifiers and those who don't?

- Is it possible to identify any significant psychological

mechanisms or mediators, such as mood improvement?

-What effect does Pink Himalayan air purifier exposure have

on objective measures of sleep quality, such as sleep length, sleep
efficiency, and sleep disruptions, when compared to a control group that
is not exposed?
 GOALS
- It aims to make the surroundings a more peaceful and
stress-free environment.
- To enhance one's personal comfort and well-being.
- Improve air quality and make it easier for people to
breathe more comfortably.
- To develop improved sleep hygiene habits.
 EXPECTED OUTCOMES

-Pink Himalayan air purifier users may experience improved sleep

quality, including better sleep initiation, sleep disruptions, and an
overall sensation of well-being.
-This sensation of psychological comfort can help to alleviate
stress and provide a more peaceful sleeping environment.
-An attractive setting that improves the overall comfort and
enjoyment of the living space.
 03
PROCEDURES, RISK AND SAFETY,
DATA ANALYSIS
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
 PROCEDURES
-In a well-ventilated workspace, place Pink Himalayan salt chunks or crystals in a heat-resistant container.
-Use a heat source to gradually heat the salt, starting with low heat and increasing it gradually to avoid cracking or
splattering.
-Monitor the process closely as the salt melts at a high temperature.
-Place a fan near the melted salt to create airflow, allowing the salt particles to disperse into the surrounding air.
-Turn on the fan to distribute the salt particles, ensuring it is functioning correctly.
-Observe the air quality in the immediate vicinity to ensure the salt particles do not cause respiratory discomfort or
irritation.
-Once the desired effect is achieved, turn off the heat source and allow the salt to cool down.
-Store the cooled salt for future use or dispose of it safely, depending on your intentions for this project.
-Attach a fan to a container and place a HEPA filter inside. Orient the fan to draw air through the filter.
-Connect the fan to a power source, such as a USB adapter or power bank.
-Test the fan's functionality.
-Place the DIY air purifier in a quiet, relaxing space, such as a bedroom, for sleep and stress reduction. -Turn on the
fan to start the air purification process, trapping particles and potentially improving air quality.
-Clean the workshop completely to remove any remaining salt particles and ensure is safety for future usage.
 RISK AND SAFETY
Risk:
-The extraction of Himalayan salt can have negative environmental consequences,
such as habitat disruption and resource depletion
-Faulty wiring or electrical components can cause a fire hazard or electrocution.
-Inhaling salt could cause irritation to the respiratory system.

Safety:
-When possible, choose items manufactured from responsibly sourced salt. Be
mindful of the negative environmental effects of salt extraction.
-Comply with all electrical safety rules and guidelines. Inspect the cord and plug
for damage on a regular basis. When not in use, unplug the cord.
-Put on a facemask and gloves.
 DATA ANALYSIS
The data analysis of the Pink Himalayan Salt Air Purifier's impact
on lessening stress and improving sleep reveals surprising
findings. The effect is related to the salt crystals' release of
negative ions when heated, which has been linked to mood
enhancement and relaxation. We found that participants
experienced less stress and better sleep quality after using pink
Himalayan salt air purifiers, suggesting the possibility of a
natural and holistic approach to stress management and sleep
enhancement.
 04
VARIABLES
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
 INDEPENDENT VARIABLES
- SALT AIR PURIFIER SIZE
VARIABLES
- SALT AIR PURIFIER MAINTENANCE
- PARTICIPANT CHARACTERISTICS
- ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

DEPENDENT VARIABLES

1. Stress levels: You can measure stress levels using established stress assessment tools or physiological indicators such as cortisol levels, heart rate
variability, or self-reported stress questionnaires.

2. Sleep quality: Evaluate sleep quality using standardized sleep assessment methods, including sleep duration, sleep efficiency, the number of
awakenings, and self-reported sleep quality scales like the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

3. Subjective well-being: Assess participants' overall sense of well-being, relaxation, and mood using self-report questionnaires or psychological well-
being scales.

4. Sleep disorders: Identify improvements in specific sleep disorders (e.g., sleep apnea, insomnia) if your target audience includes individuals with
diagnosed sleep disorders.

5. Productivity and cognitive function: Evaluate the impact on daytime functioning, productivity, and cognitive performance through objective
cognitive tests or self-reported measures.
 CONSTANT/CONTROLLED VARIABLES
VARIABLES
1. Salt source: Use Himalayan salt crystals from the same batch or source to ensure uniformity in the salt's composition.

. 2. Salt purity: Maintain the same level of salt purity (i.e., 100% pure Himalayan salt) for all experiments to eliminate variations in mineral content.

3. Airflow rate: Keep the rate of airflow through the purifier constant to ensure consistent dispersion of salt ions into the room.

4. Placement of the purifier: Position the salt air purifier in the same location within the room for all experiments to minimize variations in air
circulation.

5. Room temperature and humidity: Maintain consistent room temperature and humidity levels during the experiments to eliminate environmental
factors that could affect stress and sleep.

6. Light conditions: Ensure that lighting conditions in the room remain constant, as changes in lighting can influence mood and sleep patterns.

7. Duration of exposure: Keep the duration of exposure to the salt air purifier the same for all participants or study conditions to maintain consistency.

8. Participants sleep routines: If conducting human trials, instruct participants to maintain consistent sleep routines and habits to control for variations
in sleep patterns.
 TITLE 5

HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL
CURRENT RESULTING DEEP
BURNS TO CREATE FIRE
(FLAMELESS LIGHTER)
 01
RATIONALE
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
 RATIONALE
A lot of people are using traditional lighters or
matches to set fire for something, and
sometimes it is dangerous. Flameless lighter
is one great invention to create deep burns
without using an actual fire. This invention
can be a safe alternative for traditional
lighter matches and much cheaper because
you do not need to refill its gas fluid every
time.
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
STUDY
1. This study will contribute to people's safety, physically or internally. Using
a flameless lighter can lessen the exposure to open flames and gas fluids
that people can inhale.

2. Flameless lighter can be cheaper and safer for people. It can also be used
everywhere without having any risk.

3. This study can teach educationally by teaching how to create high-voltage

electrical current. It will help students to know about robotics, high-
voltage electrical current, and to be more creative.
 02
RESEARCH QUESTION(S), HYPOTHESIS(ES),
ENGINEERING GOAL(S), EXPECTED OUTCOMES

You can enter a subtitle here if you need it

 STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
1. How does a flameless lighter prevent unwanted burning stuff or
incidents like burning houses?

2. How does a flameless lighter help people's health?

3. If people will use flameless lighters instead of matches and

traditional lighters that causes fire will be prevented. People will also
improve their health because they weren't exposed to the gas fluid.
 GOALS

Our goals in making flameless lighter are:

- To have a safe and easy to use lighter that prevent lots of

incidents/accidents.
- Not to waste money for a refillable or disposable lighters or
matches that can be harmful because of open flames.
- To prevent exposure to the spell of the gas fluid inside the
traditional lighters.
 EXPECTED OUTCOMES

- It will be possible to prevent fires if people use flameless lighters

rather than matches and traditional lighters. As a result of not
being exposed to the gas fluid, people's health will also improve.
Choosing a flameless lighter over disposable lighters and
matches will also reassure individuals that they will save a
significant amount of money.
 03
PROCEDURES, RISK AND SAFETY,
DATA ANALYSIS
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 PROCEDURES
- To make a flameless lighter, inventors must have a clean and
big room to ensure the safety of everyone. Materials must be
in one side of the room so that the place is not messy.
- Always make sure to wear protective gear before doing any
activities inside the inventory room
- Create the high-voltage electrical current carefully
- Create a seal to close the open voltage when it is not needed
- When everything is done, clean the room you used and make
sure that everything inside the room are fine
 RISK AND SAFETY
RISK
- Mechanical failures, control problems, environmental sources, and faulty
installation are all possible dangers.
- High-voltage electrical current can cause severe injury or burns in our
skin when we use it in the wrong way.
- If the project is made differently, it could explode due to the high-voltage
electrical current.

SAFETY
- Be careful on creating every parts of the flameless lighter.
- Always remember to put safety caution or direction on how to use the
flameless lighter.
 DATA ANALYSIS
The data analysis on using high-voltage electrical current
resulting deep burns to create fire is such an amazing
invention.The findings in this investigation found out that
high-voltage electrical current can create fire. This
invention aims to lessen the use of disposable lighters
and matches and avoid using gas fluids that helps our
environment to be better. This research demonstrates the
effectiveness of flameless lighters in improving our
environment, to lessen the fire incidents, to avoid
exposing ourselves to gas fluids, and to be reusable and
affordable.
 04
VARIABLES
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 VARIABLES
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

- VOLTAGE LEVEL
- EXPOSURE TIME
- DISTANCE FROM THE SOURCE
- PROTECTIVE MEASURES

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

1. The depth or breadth of the burn injury brought on by a high-voltage electrical current. This could be expressed in millimeters or
classified according to the degree of the burn (first-degree, second-degree, third-degree burns, for example).
2. The degree of tissue damage, which may involve actions like tissue necrosis or histological alterations, might affect the skin and
underlying tissue.
3. The subjective sense of pain that a person who has been exposed to electricity reports, which can be measured using pain scales or by
self-reporting.
5. Medical issues: Any health issues that develop as a result of the burn wounds, like infections or scars.
 VARIABLES
CONSTANT/CONTROLLED VARIABLES

1. Flameless lighter model: Keep the type and model of the flameless lighter constant throughout the experiment to eliminate
variations caused by different lighters.
2. Voltage source: Use a consistent and well-regulated voltage source to ensure that the electrical current remains stable and
does not fluctuate during the experiment.
3. Electrode material: The material used for the electrodes (the points of contact with the skin) should be the same in all trials
to maintain consistency.
4. Contact duration:Keep the duration of contact between the electrode and the subject's skin constant to avoid variations in
exposure time.
5. Skin type/condition: If using human subjects, ensure that the skin type and condition (e.g., dry or moisturized) remain
consistent among participants to minimize variability
. 6. Environmental conditions: Control factors like room temperature and humidity to prevent external factors from influencing
the results.
7. Safety measures: Implement consistent safety measures, such as the availability of first aid and medical personnel, to
protect participants and researchers from potential harm.