Nutrition and Health,

Grade 12, University

Preparation(HFA4U)
Unit 2 – Lesson 4
Food Supply and Production (Part 2)

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Learning Goals
1. Analyze the effects of different social, economic and political
factors on food production and supply (D2.3)
2. Explain how consumer food choices affect the environment,
locally and globally (D3.1)

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Success Criteria
 I can list the societal factors that impact food production
 I can explain and analyse how each factor impacts food
production and supply
 I can provide examples of import and export issues related to
food supply
 I can associate the cost of food production with input costs
 I can discuss the relationship between food production and
supply vs. environmental concerns

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Societal Factors in Food Production

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Subsistence Agriculture
• Refers to farming for self-sufficiency
• Farmers grow crops and animals to feed their families but do not sell
produce for income
• the primary sources of food in pre-industrial times
• Not a common practice in developed countries

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Urban Agriculture
• Another form of intensive subsistence farming
• Practiced all over the world in both developed and developing countries,
especially in Africa, Latin America, and Asian
• Contributes to the food supply of 800 million people worldwide
• e.g., home harden that grows tomatoes and herbs

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Women Play a Substantial Role in

Agriculture
• Women farmers grow half of the world’s food and up to 80 per cent of it in
some regions of sub-Saharan Africa
• In many developing countries, women’s role in agriculture is increasing
because as men leave for cities in search of paid work, women assume full
responsibility for growing and harvesting food for their families.

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Demand for Cash Crops

• A cash crop is grown for the purpose of selling it, not for use on the farm
or for feeding the farmer’s family
• In this case, only one species of plant will be cultivated, based on demand
for that crop in the international market
• In Canada cash crops include grain, oil seeds, tomatoes and grapes

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Free Trade Agreements

• Sale of agricultural products is a major source of income for many
countries
• Free trade agreements occur when one or more nations Agee to trade with
each other without applying tariffs on goods that are imported and
exported
• example: NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) between
Canada, USA and Mexico

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Import-Export Restrictions
• Countries may place restrictions on the import and
export of certain products to prevent or control
outbreak of disease and ensure food safety
• Can you think of examples that specifically apply to
Canada?

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Debt Repayment
• Many developing countries owe large debts to organizations such
as the World Bank
• These countries have to pay back the money borrowed as well as
the accumulated debt
• To do so, they sell products for export including cash crops

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Input Costs
• These are items that a farmer needs to pay
for in order to run the farm:
1. Seeds
2. Fertilizers and crop protection techniques
3. Fuel to run machinery
4. Cost of maintaining machinery
5. Cost of wages for workers
6. Crop insurance

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Input Costs

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Increasing Protein Consumption

• Customer demand has a significant impact on livestock agriculture
• With increasing meat and dairy consumption (i.e. animal protein), there’s
increased demand for these products
• This puts stress on agricultural resources such as water and land, imposing
significant environmental concerns

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Homework: Food Supply

and Production (Part 2)

• In the resources section you will find the

Food Supply and Production (Part 2)
homework handout.
• You should review the lesson notes and
then proceed to solve the homework
questions.
• Submit your work to the Dropbox called
U2L4: Homework.

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HFA4U
UNIT 2 Lesson 4