Locomotor (Musculoskeletal)

system
1. Locomotor system
• Consists of bones, muscles and joints, along with tendons, ligaments
and cartilage.
2. The skeleton
Functions:
• Protects the organs
• Makes some component of the blood
• Determines the shape and the size of the body
• Support and movement
• Axial skeleton – the vertebral column, ribcage and sternum (breast
bone)
• Appendicular skeleton – the scapulas, clavicles, pelvis and limb
bones.
 2. Bones

• Composed of bone tissue

• Contains mineral salts - mainly calcium phosphate
• Its cells are called osteocytes. They arrange in rings around Haversian canals.
• The middle of the bone is composed of spongy bone
• The outside of it is made of a harder material – compact bone
• On their surface the bones are covered with periosteum
3. Growth of the bones
• There are regions of cartilage close to the ends of the bone.
• The bone gets longer because the regions of cartilage grow and are
gradually replaced by bone.
• The process is called ossification.
4. Joints

• The point where two bones meet are called joints

• Each joint is made up of cartilaginous joint surfaces and a joint
capsule that closes the joint cavity
• The joint cavity is filled with a liquid – synovial liquid
• The joint cavity is strengthened by ligaments that attach to the bones