Assessment of

Personality
What is Personality Assessment?

Personality assessment is the

measurement of personal
characteristics of an individual.
Methods of Personality Assessment

•Projective Techniques
•Non Projective Techniques
What are Projective Techniques?
In this technique unstructured stimuli are
provided to the subjects and he is asked to
structure them in the way he likes.
Projective Techniques
•Rorschach Ink Blot Test
•Thematic Apperception Test
•Free Association Test
•Situational Test etc
Rorschach Ink Blot Test
• Developed by Rorschach – 1921
• Swiss Psychiatrist.
• Test materials -10 cards
• 5 Cards are Colured
• 5 Cards are black and white
• The subject is shown these cards in a sequential order, one at a
time.
• He is asked to say, what he sees in a picture, what the picture
remains him etc
• It gives the personality of an individual.
• Used in the clinical psychologist.
Thematic Apperception Test
• Developed by Murry and Morgan.
• Test consists of 20 pictures.
• Each picture depicting a vague(unclear) social situation
• The subject is required to describe the situation as he perceives it.
• He is asked to describe what is happening at the present moment,
what has led to the present position, what is likely to lead to later
on.
• Separate test has developed – CAT (Children Apperception Test)
Free Association Test

• Developed by Jung.
• Elaborated by Kent & Rosanoff
• Stimulus word by the tester.
• Respond immediately by another word.
• Time taken for response if long may
indicate blocks.
Situational Test
• Kind of Performance test
• The subjects are observed in situations and they do
not know they are being assessed.
• (e.g)Vocabulary test (a list of words may be given to
the subject who is asked to check only the words
known to him.)
Salient Features of Projective Techniques
• Projective tests are unfamiliar to testee (tested)
• The testee may not have prior knowledge about how to answer the
test items, it reveals his/her personality.
• Test items are generally ambiguous (doubtful), unstructured and
vague.
• This techniques do not demand elaborate answers from the testee.
• Interpretation is made not on the basis of one’s response but
relation to the total configuration.
 Non Projective
Techniques
Non Projective Techniques

Testing in personality provides measures of

emotional and motivational traits of
personality.
Non Projective Techniques
Subjective Objective
• Observation
• Autobiography • (i) Participant
• Case Study • (ii) Non Participant
• Situational Test
• Interview
• Rating Scale
• Questionnaire etc • (i) Numerical
• (ii) Graphic
• Sociometry etc
Autobiography
• This method the subject has freedom to write
according to his feelings and experiences.
• It is a faithful record of one’s past and present.
• The subject writes everything from his
memory which may fail.
• Due to this draw back this method is not
highly successful.
Case Study
• Collect information about hereditary and
environment.
• It influence personality development of an individual.
• Collect data regarding the nature of delivery, health of
child at birth, causes of maladjustment etc.
• It is very difficult to collect data through case history
and it requires special skill.
Interview
• An interview is a conversation between
two persons.
• An interviewer is a person who is
conducting an interview.
• An interviewee is a person who is being
interviewed.
Interview
• Interview is a face to face relationship
between interviewer and interviewee.
• Interviewer asks some questions to get
information
• This method is costly and time
consuming.
Questionnaire
A questionnaire is a research instrument that
consists of a set of questions for the purpose of
gathering information from respondents
through survey or statistical study.
Questionnaire
• A list of questions may be given to those
persons whose personality we want to assess.
The individual are asked to write answers
given to these questions.
• Types
• Open ended questions (free response questions)
• Closed ended questions
Open ended questions
Responses are free to express their
interest, expectations, attitudes etc
What are close-ended questions?

Close-ended questions ask respondents

to choose from a predefined set of
answer options. Typically, these are
one-word answers, such as “yes/no,”
“true/false,” or multiple choice.
OBJECTIVE
METHODS
Objective Methods
• Observation
• (i) Participant
• (ii) Non Participant
• Situational Test
• Rating Scale
• (i) Numerical
• (ii) Graphic
• Sociometry etc
What is observation?
Observation is way of gathering data
by watching behaviour, events or
physical characteristics in their natural
settings.
OBSERVATION
•Participant Observation
•Non Participant Observation
Participant Observation
•The observer becomes a full
fledged member of the group
which he wants to study.
•He participated all the activities of
the group.
Non Participant Observation
The observer observes the group under
study without actually participating in
its activities.
Situational Test
The assessment of personality by observing
how a person behaves in and faces
different situation of life.
Rating Scale
The measurement of personality
with a graduated scale is known as
rating scale.
Rating Scale
•Numerical Scale
•Graphic Scale
Numerical Scale
Marks are given for traits as 5,4,3,2,1 or
+2,+1,0,-1,-2 or A,B,C,D,E etc.
Graphic Scale
The rater puts a tick or cross at
whatever point on the line that he
thinks appropriate.
SOCIOMETRY
Introduction
•Latin word ‘Socius’ meaning Partner/
Friend/ Companion
•Measuring the degree of relatedness
among the people.
•Tracking the energy vectors of
interpersonal relationship in a group.
What is Sociometry?
• Sociometry is a quantitative method for
measuring social relationships between social
structures and psychological well-being, and
used during Remedial Teaching.
Who introduced Sociometry?
• J.L. Moreno was a visionary psychiatrist
and philosopher
• He made significant contributions to the
field of psychology.
• His development of psychodrama,
sociometry, and group psychotherapy.
SOCIOMETRY
• Sociometry is the science dealing with the social
acceptance and rejections of individuals among their
peers.
• It is a device to evaluate pupil behaviour
• Two kinds of information
• One – The place of the individual within the group
• Second- The group behaviour as influenced by the
contribution of individual members.
Types of Sociometry
• Based on peer nominations, children were categorized
into five sociometric groups: (1) popular (generally well-
liked),
• (2) rejected (generally disliked),
• (3) neglected (low visibility and neither liked nor
disliked),
• (4) controversial (high visibility and both liked and
disliked),
• (5) average (at or about the mean)
Why sociometry is important ?
• Sociometry helps you identify and address
students' social and emotional needs.
• This is essential for creating a healthy
classroom environment that fosters learning.
• One of the most effective ways to understand
student's social and emotional needs by using
sociometric techniques like sociograms.
Integrated Personality
Integrated Personality
An integrated personality is sum total of
harmonious expression of physical,
mental, intellectual, energical and blissful self.
It is the state of being in happiness with self
and society.
Characteristics of Integrated Personality
• In an integrated personality mind and emotions,
desire and determination and all mental activities
work in an organized way.
• No conflict in an integrated personality.
• Ambitions and aspirations are in accordance with
his mental capacities and his objectives are
realistically attuned to the required physical
energy.
• An integrated personality is flexible, strong and
organized as well as balanced.
Aspects of Personality
• Integrated personality implies harmony
between five important aspects of personality.
• Harmony between one’s abilities and
capacities
• Harmony among one’s interest
• Harmony between one’s abilities and interest
• Harmony between one’s self respect and
Social constraints.
Why integrated personality is important?
• It ensure relentless progress and
development.
• Physically more attractive and more active.
• It reduce stress.
• Good personal appearance.
• General social effectiveness.