RUNWAY & TAXIWAY

MARKINGS

PASINDU YESHAN
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
BIA
Aerodrome & Ground Aids
• Aerodrome Reference Code
• Runway Categorization
• The Aerodrome and its Environs
• Runways and Associated Areas
• Runway declared distances
• Runway Strips
• Taxiways and their Strips
• Runway and Taxiway Markings
• Areas and surfaces unsuitable for use by Aircraft
• Aerodrome Lighting Systems
• Operation of Aeronautical Ground lights
• Obstacle limitation surfaces and removal of obstacles
Objective
The student should be able to draw in their correct positions
on an appropriate plan the runway and taxiway markings.
Runway and Taxiway Markings

• Marking Colours
• Runway Markings
• Runway Marking Elements
• Taxiway Markings
• Holding Position Markings
Marking Colours
• Markings on runways are white. Markings
defining the landing area on a heliport are
also white except for hospital heliports
which use a red "H" on a white cross.
• Markings for taxiways, areas not intended
for use by aircraft (closed and hazardous
areas), and holding positions (even if they
are on a runway) are yellow.
Runway Markings
Runway Designation Marking
Each runway is identified by a number that corresponds to the magnetic alignment of
the runway, shown to the nearest whole tenth of the magnetic alignment of the
runway,
A runway designation marking is to be provided at the thresholds of a paved runway
and it is recommended that such marking is also provided, as far as practicable, at the
thresholds of unpaved runways,
Parallel runways are designated with numbers but also as "L," "C," and/or "R" which
stand for left, center, and/or right
Due to the extreme importance of unambiguous runway identification, the size, shape
and spacing between the runway designator numbers and letters are specified in ICAO
Annex 14 (Aerodromes).
Runway Designation Marking
For a single runway, the designator is usually placed after the threshold
marking but may be incorporated within it.
For parallel runways, the letter (L, R or C) is placed after the threshold
marking and the number (e.g. 11) is placed after the letter.
Due to the extreme importance of unambiguous runway identification,
the size, shape and spacing between the runway designator numbers
and letters are specified in ICAO Annex 14 (Aerodromes).
Runway Designation Marking
Runway Designation Marking
Runway Designation Marking
Runway Threshold Markings
Runway threshold markings come in two configurations: They either consist of eight
longitudinal stripes of uniform dimensions disposed symmetrically about the runway
centerline, or the number of stripes is related to the runway width. Threshold
marking helps identify the beginning of the runway that is available for landing with
stripes that correspond to the width of the runway. The stripes of the threshold
marking shall commence 6m from the threshold
Runway Threshold Markings
Runway Centerline Marking
Runway centerline markings identify the center of the runway for guidance on
takeoff and landing and painted white in color.

RWY centerline
marking
Runway Centerline Marking
The length

The length of a stripe plus a gap shall be not less than 50m or more than 75m.
The length of each stripe shall be at least equal to the length of the gap or 30m,
whichever is greater

l > l' 30m 20m

Runway Centerline Marking
The width

0.90 m on precision approach category II and III runways;

0.30 m on non-precision approach runways where the code number is 1 or 2, and

on non-instrument runways.

0.45 m on non-precision approach runways where the code number is 3 or 4, and

precision approach category I runways
Runway Aiming Point
Aiming point markers serve as a visual target for landing aircraft and
consists of two broad white stripes located on each side of the runway,
about 1,000' from the landing threshold. An aiming point marking shall
be provided at each approach end of a paved instrument runway where
the code number is 2, 3 or 4.
Runway Aiming Point
Runway Aiming Point
Example : if the landing distance available (LDA) of a particular runway is 2400m or more

400m
Runway Touchdown Zone Markings
Thin white stripes identifying the touchdown zone for landing
operations and are spaced in 500' (150m) increments. There are 3, 2
and then 1 thin stripe symmetrical bars arranged in pairs on each side
of runway centerline. For runways having touchdown zone markings on
both ends, those pairs of markings which extend to within 900' (270m)
of the midpoint between the thresholds are eliminated.
The touch down zone markings shall begin from 150m of the runway
threshold
Runway Touchdown Zone Markings

Touch down zone markings

Pairs of touchdown zone markings coincident with or located within 50 m

of an aiming point marking shall be deleted from the pattern.
Runway Touchdown Zone Markings

Can U approximate
the landing distance
available at MALE
aerodrome?
Runway side stripe marking
A side stripe marking shall be provided between the thresholds of a paved runway were there is a lack of
contrast between the edges and the edges and the shoulders or the surrounding terrain.
A runway side stripe marking should be provided on a precision approach runway irrespective of the
contrast between the runway edges and the shoulders or the surrounding terrain

Runway side stripe

marking
Displaced threshold markings
Where a threshold is permanently displaced, arrows should be provided on the portion of the runway before
the displaced threshold.
When a runway threshold is temporarily displaced from the normal position, all the markings prior to the
displaced threshold should be obscured except the runway centre line marking, which shall be converted in to
arrows
Displaced threshold markings
Displaced threshold markings

Temporarily Displaced threshold markings

Displaced threshold markings
NONLANDING PORTION

WHITE ARROWS WHITE

ARROWHEADS

TRANSVERSE STRIPE

THRESHOLD
MARKING
ATB3-17
Runway holding position marking
Displayed in a taxiway along runway holding position.

If there is a single runway holding position for the runway, irrespective of the category of approach,
marking pattern shall be the below

If the second runway holding position to be marked depending on the of the category of approach,
marking pattern shall be the above.
Runway holding position marking
Taxiway Markings
Taxi way centre line marking
Continuous yellow line provided on a paved taxiway to provide taxiing guidance between the runway
centerline and aircraft stands.
Taxiway Markings
Taxiway Holding Position & Edge Markings
Taxiway Markings
Runway Marking Elements
Runway Marking Elements