Bio-Chemistry

BS-Nursing
1st Year 1st Semester
THEORY
Saturday 9 – 11:30 am

Dr. ZUBAIR FARIDI

Department of Pharmacy
IQRA University, Karachi
 UNIT 1

BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

Importance of Bio-Chemistry in Nursing

Biochemistry is of great use

within the field of nursing,
with many practical applications
that can assist you in becoming
a better nurse..
Bio-Chemistry tries to explain life in terms of Bio-
Chemical Reactions

Bio-Chemistry includes other sciences as

Anatomy, Medicine, HND, Nursing, Pharmacy etc
 Using biochemistry can be helpful
Knowing the chemical in the nursing profession, allowing
reactions of drugs to nurses to determine how much
the human body and medicine should be prescribed or
mixing said drugs given to each patient they
encounter
 STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE, COMPOSITION AND
CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF SUBSTANCES IN LIVING
SYSTEMS

BIOLOGY CHEM-
ISTRY

BIOCHEMISTRY
BIOCHEMISTRY
ORIGIN

FORMATION

DESCRIBE FUNCTION

DEFICIENCY

SYMPTOMS

ENZYMES, CARBOHIDRATES, PROTEINS, DNA, RNA,

etc
 WHAT IS MATTER???

WATER IS NECESSARY
 WHAT IS MATTER???

WATER IS NECESSARY
 WHAT IS MATTER???

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 WHAT IS AN ATOM???

 Atoms are the basic building blocks from

which everything around us is built.
 This includes the computer
WATER before you,
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the floor beneath you, the air you
breathe, and the stars you see at night.
 All of them are made up of atoms.
 Atoms are made up of three types of tiny
particles.
 Protons (or positively charged particles)
and neutrons (or particles that contain
no charge) are found in the nucleus of an
atom.
 Electrons (or negatively charged parti-
cles) are found outside the nucleus.
 WHAT IS AN ELEMENT???

WATER IS NECESSARY
 WHAT IS AN ELEMENT???

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 WHAT IS AN ELEMENT???

 In chemistry, an element is defined as a pure substance composed of

atoms that all have the same number of protons in the atomic nucleus.
 In other words, all atoms of an element have the same atomic number.
 The atoms of an element
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broken into smaller particles by any chemical means.
 Elements can only be broken into subatomic particles or transmuted into other
elements by nuclear reactions. At present, there are 118 known elements.
 If atoms of an element carry an electrical charge, they are called ions. Atoms of
an element with different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes.
 Sometimes isotopes also have their own names, but they are still examples of
an element. For example: protium, deuterium, and tritium are all isotopes of the
element hydrogen.
 Elements can take different forms called allotropes, but this doesn’t change
their chemical identity. For example: diamond and graphite are both pure elemental
carbon.
 WHAT IS MIXTURE & COMPOUND???

WATER IS NECESSARY
 WHAT IS MIXTURE & COMPOUND???

WATER IS NECESSARY
 WHAT IS MIXTURE & COMPOUND???

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 WHAT IS MIXTURE & COMPOUND???

• Compounds are, in fancy science terms, substances formed by the

• chemical combination of one or more elements in fixed proportions.
• Chemical combination means that the atoms form bonds with each other.
• This
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• An easy way to remember this is compounds are chemically combined,
but mixtures are mixed.
• If you change one atom in a compound, then it becomes something
completely different.
• If you remove the oxygen atom from water, you now have pure hydro-
gen.
• Compounds come in two varieties: molecules and, well, compounds.
• All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds.
• Compounds must be made up of two or more elements.
• Molecules can be made up of two atoms of the same element, like O2.
 WHAT IS MIXTURE & COMPOUND???

WATER IS NECESSARY
 WHAT IS MIXTURE & COMPOUND???

WATER IS NECESSARY
 WHAT IS MIXTURE & COMPOUND???

Molecules, Compounds, & Mixtures

Atoms can bond together into groups and form
a molecule.
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ferent types bonded together, we call it
a compound. For example, two hydrogen atoms
and one oxygen atom bonded together creates the
compound water. Bonding is vital for life; you
wouldn't be reading this lesson without it.
Mixtures are what you get when you combine sev-
eral compounds. No bonding or chemical reactions
are involved in creating a mixture. For example, if
you take water and mix it with a packet of flavoring,
you get a refreshing drink. But, the molecules are
really just interspersed between each other; no
 WHAT IS CHEMICAL FORMULA???

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 WHAT IS CHEMICAL FORMULA???

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 WHAT IS CHEMICAL FORMULA???

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 WHAT IS CHEMICAL REACTION???

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 WHAT IS CHEMICAL REACTION???

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 WHAT IS CHEMICAL EQUATION???

Chemical equations
Chemical reactions are represented on paper by chemical equations. For example,
hydrogen gasWATER
(H2) can react (burn) with oxygen gas (O2) to form water (H20).
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The chemical equation for this reaction is written as:
 WHAT IS CHEMICAL BONDING???

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 WHAT IS CHEMICAL BONDING???

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 WHAT IS REDOX REACTION???

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 WHAT IS ACID & BASE???

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 WHAT IS ACID & BASE???

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