Hadi El Chami

201802016

Water (H2O)
Outline
 What is a water molecule?
 Importance of water to humans
 Chemical properties of water
 Physical properties of water
 Use of water
 Conclusion
What is a water molecule?
The water molecule is very simple.
A molecule is a piece of matter
that contains two or more atoms.
Atoms are the tiniest pieces of
matter. The scientific name for
water is H2O. It is called H2O
because it has two atoms of
hydrogen (H) and one atom of
oxygen (O).
What is a water molecule?
water, a substance composed of the chemical elements
hydrogen and oxygen and existing in gaseous, liquid, and solid
states. It is one of the most plentiful and essential of compounds.
A tasteless and odorless liquid at room temperature, it has the
important ability to dissolve many other substances. Indeed, the
versatility of water as a solvent is essential to living organisms.
Importance of water to humans
 Water is essential for every living organism. Water travels
throughout your body carrying nutrients, oxygen, and wastes to
and from your cells and organs. Water keeps your body cool as
part of your body's temperature regulating system.
 Drinking enough water can prevent some medical conditions like
constipation, kidney stones, exercise-induced asthma, urinary
tract infection, and hypertension.
Importance of water to humans
 Drinking water helps maximize your physical
performance. Drinking plenty of water during physical activity
is essential. Not only will drinking water replace what is lost
through preparation during activity but it also affects your
strength, power, and endurance.
 Drinking water can help fight off illness. Drinking enough
water can prevent some medical conditions like constipation,
kidney stones, exercise-induced asthma, urinary tract infection,
and hypertension. Water also helps with the absorption of
important nutrients from your food which also play a role in
keeping you healthy.
Chemical Properties of Water
Water reacts with a lot of substances to form different compounds.
Some significant reactions are as follows:
Amphoteric nature:
 Water can act as both acid and base, which means that it is
amphoteric in nature.
Redox reactions:
 Electropositive elements reduce water to hydrogen molecule. Thus,
water is a great source of hydrogen.
Hydrolysis reaction
 Water has a very strong hydrating tendency due to its dielectric
constant. It dissolves many ionic compounds. Some covalent and ionic
compounds can be hydrolyzed in water.
 Chemical Properties of Water
Chemical formula H2O Acidity (pKa) 13.995
Molar mass 18.01528(33) g/mol

Odour None

Density Solid: Vapor pressure 3.1690 kilopascals or 0.031276 atm

0.9167 g/ml at 0 °C
Liquid:
0.961893 g/mL at 95 °C
0.9970474 g/mL at 25 °C
0.9998396 g/mL at 0 °C
Basicity (pKb) 13.995

Refractive index(nD) 1.3330 (20°C)

Boiling point 99.98 °C (211.96 °F; 373.13 K) Thermal conductivity 0.6065 W/m·K

Melting point 0.00 °C (32.00 °F; 273.15 K) Viscosity 0.890 cP

Physical Properties of Water
• Water has a high specific heat. Specific heat is the amount of
energy required to change the temperature of a substance.
Because water has a high specific heat, it can absorb large
amounts of heat energy before it begins to get hot.
• Water in a pure state has a neutral pH. As a result, pure water is
neither acidic nor basic. Water changes its pH when substances
are dissolved in it. Rain has a naturally acidic pH of about 5.6
because it contains natural derived carbon dioxide and sulfur
dioxide.
• Water conducts heat more easily than any liquid except mercury.
This fact causes large bodies of liquid water like lakes and oceans
to have essentially a uniform vertical temperature profile.
Physical Properties of Water
 Water molecules exist in liquid form over an important range of
temperature from 0 - 100° Celsius. This range allows water
molecules to exist as a liquid in most places on our planet.
 Water is a universal solvent. It is able to dissolve a large number
of different chemical compounds. This feature also enables water
to carry solvent nutrients in runoff, infiltration, groundwater
flow, and living organisms.
 Water has a high surface tension. In other words, water is
adhesive and elastic, and tends to aggregate in drops rather than
spread out over a surface as a thin film.
Physical Properties of Water
• Water molecules are the only substance on Earth that exist in all
three physical states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. Incorporated
in the changes of state are massive amounts of heat exchange. This
feature plays an important role in the redistribution of heat energy
in the Earth's atmosphere. In terms of heat being transferred into
the atmosphere, approximately 3/4's of this process is
accomplished by the evaporation and condensation of water.
• The freezing of water molecules causes their mass to occupy a
larger volume. When water freezes it expands rapidly adding about
9% by volume. Fresh water has a maximum density at around 4°
Celsius
Uses of Water
 Water is used for daily purpose like cooking , bathing , cleaning
and drinking.
 Water used as a universal solvent.
 water maintains the temperature of our body.
 Water helps in digestion in our body.
 water is used in factories and industries.
 Water is used to grow plants , vegetables and crops.
 Hydroelectric power
Conclusion
 Water is essential to all living organisms. Whether we use it
drink, clean, agriculture or electricity, water is part of our daily
basis.
 Water has a wide number of properties. Some chemical and other
physical which makes the water molecule, unique.
 Water is also a universal dissolvent which can be used alongside
other molecules.