Project on- periodic table

Name- Sana Fatima

Class-8
Periodic table
The periodic table shows all the elements in the universe.
The elements are arranged in terms of the atomic number.
Groups and periods in periodic table

The vertical columns in the periodic table are called

groups. There are seven groups in the periodic table.
The seven groups are numbered from 1-7 and the
final group is numbered 0.

The horizontal rows in the periodic table are called

periods.
The arrangement of the electrons
The electrons move around the nucleus in a series
called shells or energy levels. Each energy level can
only hold a specific number of electrons.
First level- 2 electrons
Second level- 8 electrons
Third level- 8 or more electrons
Electronic configuration
The arrangement of electrons in an atom is called its
electronic configuration.
Example-

Chlorines atomic number is 17

So, we have to arrange the electrons in shells. The
lowest shell takes up to 2 electrons, the second one
can take up to 8, and the third also takes 8.
So the electronic configuration is-2,8,7
Electronic configuration and the periodic
table

Important facts-

• Elements in the same group in the periodic table have the

same number of electrons in its outer shell.
• The period number gives the number of occupied shells or
the highest occupied shells.
• The elements in the same group in the periodic table have
similar chemical properties.
The Noble gases
The group zero is known as noble gases because they are
almost completely unreactive. The element in group 0 have
8 electrons in its outer shell (except helium which has
2).The lack of reactivity is because the elements in group 0
is associated with their electronic configuration. The noble
gases have a full outer shell so there is no tendency to lose,
gain or share electrons .
Thank you