Intelligent Underlay Overlay

CHAPTER 7

© NOKIA BSSPAR / 10.05.2004

 Module Objectives
• Give an overview about the organization of an IUO network, and how this is
combined with the use of micro cells and frequency hopping
• Explain, how IUO effects TCH allocation for call set up, directed retry and
conventional handover
• Demonstrate, how the C/I ratio is estimated and which measurements are
required for this
• Discuss IUO specific handovers like IUO handover and direct access

© NOKIA BSSPAR / 10.05.2004

Intelligent
Underlay
Regular / Super Reuse Layer
Overlay (Simple Macro Cell Network)

Regular Layer (grey)

Normal frequency reuse

Supports call set up
Serves MS under bad C/I conditions (e.g. cell boundary)

Super Reuse Layer (green)

Tight frequency reuse

Serves MS under good C/I conditions (e.g. close to the
BTS)

Control of TRX type

trxFrequencyType 0..16 0 = regular TRX

1-16 = super reuse
frequency group of TRX

© NOKIA BSSPAR / 10.05.2004

Intelligent
Underlay
Regular / Super Reuse Layer
Overlay (Interference)

regular frequencies - coverage layer super reuse frequencies - capacity layer

green: high interference - C/I < 12 dB

super reuse layer can be used for most
of the covered area
© NOKIA BSSPAR / 10.05.2004
Intelligent
Underlay
Regular / Super Reuse Layer
Overlay (Capacity Gain)

available bandwidth 7.2 MHz (= 36 channels)

normal network: IUO network:

reuse 12 reuse 12 in regular layer (24 channels)

reuse 6 in super layer (12 channels)
3 TRXs/cell 2 regular + 2 super TRXs/cell = 4 TRX/cell

Capacity gain of about 1/3

© NOKIA BSSPAR / 10.05.2004

Intelligent
Underlay
Regular / Super Reuse Layer
Overlay (Macro and Micro Cell Network)

Macro Cells (Parent cells)

Regular + super reuse TRXs

Micro Cells (Child Cells)

May be equipped with super reuse TRXs only ->

cellBarred = N to avoid access during call set up

Macro cell area served by regular TRX

Macro cell area served by super reuse TRX

Child cell

© NOKIA BSSPAR / 10.05.2004

 Intelligent
Underlay
Intelligent Frequency Hopping
Overlay (Parameters)

Intelligent Underlay Overlay + Frequency Hopping

Frequency hopping independent for each layer

Both base band and RF hopping applicable, but not simultaneously

Independent parameter settings for each layer

Regular layer Super reuse layer

btsIsHopping underlayHoppingMode BB,RF,N

hoppingSequenceNumber hoppingSequenceNumber 0..63
usedMobileAllocation underlayMA 0..255
maioOffset underlayMaioOffset 0..62
maioStep underlayMaioStep 0..62

© NOKIA BSSPAR / 10.05.2004

 Intelligent
Underlay
Intelligent Frequency Hopping
Overlay (Example for Base Band Hopping)

0 1 2 7 Timeslot
TRX 1 BC fr1 HSN1
CH Timeslot 0 hops over TRXs 2-3 only
TRX 2 fr2 Regular TRXs BCCH does not hop
TRX 3 fr3 HSN2
Timeslots 1-7 hop over all TRXs
TRX 4 fs1
HSN
TRX 5 fs2 Timeslots 0-7 hop over all TRXs
Super reuse TRXs
TRX 6 fs3 No BCCH

© NOKIA BSSPAR / 10.05.2004

 Intelligent
Underlay
Intelligent Frequency Hopping
Overlay (Example for RF Hopping)

0 1 2 7 Timeslot
TRX 1 BC
CH fr1 – no hopping
TRX 2 Regular TRXs
fr2, fr3... – hopping according MA list
TRX 3

TRX 4

TRX 5 fs1,fs2... – hopping accordingMA list

Super reuse TRXs
No BCCH
TRX 6

© NOKIA BSSPAR / 10.05.2004

 Intelligent
Underlay
Directed Retry
Overlay (Parameters)

Call Set Up

TCH allocation to regular TRX only

No resources -> DR to super reuse TRX of serving or child cell or
DR to regular TRX of adjacent cell

Parameters

DR to regular TRX DR to super reuse TRX

diInUse = Y enaTchAssSuperIUO > 0 enables DR

minTimeLimitDirectedRetry 0..14 s enaTchAssSuperIUO 0..32 SACCH periods no target cell evaluation
allowed
maxTimeLimitDirectedRetry 1..15 s maxTimeLimitDirectedRetry 1..15 s target cell evaluation
allowed

© NOKIA BSSPAR / 10.05.2004

 Intelligent
Underlay
Directed Retry
Overlay (Practical Handling)

If no TCH If no TCH
in regular TRX at all
-> queue -> call set up cleared

Queue (SDCCH)

C/I ratio good enough

-> DR to At least receive level good enough
Super reuse TRX -> DR to
Regular TRX

Super-re-use TRX Regular TRX

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© NOKIA BSSPAR / 10.05.2004
Intelligent
Underlay
Conventional Handover
Overlay (Overview)

Handover to regular TRX

Inter or intra BSC

Inter or intra cell

From regular or super reuse TRX

From parent or child cell

HO request to regular TRX

TCH on regular
TRX available ?

Yes No

Handover Handover failure even if there

successful are free super reuse TRXs

© NOKIA BSSPAR / 10.05.2004

Intelligent
Underlay
Conventional Handover
Overlay (TCH Allocation)
HO request to super reuse TRX

Other Intra cell within same

frequency group
TCH within frequency group at
least as good as recommended TCH on new TRX ?
interference band ?

Yes No
Yes No

Handover TCH on
Handover TCH within any successful same TRX ?
successful other group ?

Yes No
Yes No

Handover Handover
Handover Handover successful failure
successful failure
© NOKIA BSSPAR / 10.05.2004
 Intelligent
Underlay
Measurement Processing
Overlay (Averaging)

C/I ratio key observable of IUO network -> Measurement of downlink receive level

Serving cell
Regular adjacent cells
Interfering cells

Averaging

Performed by BTS and BSC as usual

intfCellAvgWindowSize 1..32 size of BSC average window

intfCellNbrOfZeroResults 0..31 maximum number of zero results which may be ignored

Scaling of averaging parameters for fast MS as usual

Book keeping

Up to 10 interfering cells per super reuse TRX

Up to 32 interfering cells per call

Only six strongest adjacent cells reported by MS

Only adjacent interfering cells reported by MS

© NOKIA BSSPAR / 10.05.2004

 Intelligent
Underlay
Measurement Processing
Overlay (C/I Estimation)
Estimation method

superReuseEstMethod AVE,MAX,ICE,NONE AVE: the receive level averaged over all

interfering cells is taken
MAX: the receive level of the strongest
interfering cell is taken

ciEstWeight 0..10 weight of interfering cell, if average method is

used

allInterfCellAveraged Y,N Y: The average method is applied to all

known interfering cells
N: The average method is applied only to
interfering cells indicated by the last
measurement report

Reference cells

Cells which are not true interference sources, but have a similar signal profile as the serving cell

levelAdjustment -63..63 dB ratio signal level / interference level adopted

for reference cell

ciEstimationType 0,1 0: interference level of adjacent cell measured

directly
1: adjacent cell is reference cell

© NOKIA BSSPAR / 10.05.2004

 Intelligent IUO Specific Handover
Underlay
Overlay (Triggering)
Nx samples
Less than Px samples exceed C/I threshold
No IUO handover triggered

threshold

Actual average samples Nx samples

Px samples exceed C/I threshold
C/I ratio thresholds (IUO handover) IUO handover triggered
superReuseGoodCiThreshold -127..127 dB
superReuseBadCiThreshold -127..127 dB
First sample exceeds RX level threshold
Number of average samples Direct Access triggered immediately
Nx 1..32
Px 1..32

Receive level thresholds (direct access)

directAccessLevel -109..-47 dBm enabled
N disabled

© NOKIA BSSPAR / 10.05.2004

Intelligent IUO Specific Handover
Underlay
Overlay (Timers)

Conventional + IUO specific timers

Time available to decode BSIC of adjacent cells after start of call set up or handover
process
minBsicDecodeTime 0..128 SACCH periods

Minimum time between consecutive handover attempts to super reuse TRX after
failure
minIntUnsuccIuoHo 0..255 s

Minimum time between occurrence of bad C/I and handover to same super
reuse frequency group
minIntIuoHoReqBQ 0..255 s

Timers do not stop averaging and threshold comparison

© NOKIA BSSPAR / 10.05.2004

Intelligent
Underlay
IUO Handover
Overlay (Regular TRX -> Super Reuse TRX)
Super reuse TRX with
AV C/I ratio  superReuseGoodCiThreshold

Child cells
available ?

Yes No

Inter cell handover Intra cell handover to

to cell with best C/I TRX with best C/I

© NOKIA BSSPAR / 10.05.2004

Intelligent
Underlay
IUO Handover
Overlay (Measurement Example)

Regular frequency Regular frequency

f4 f8
Super reuse frequency
f1’
Super reuse frequency
INTERFERENCE
f1

CI/ threshold = 15 dB

f4 = -90 dBm f4 = -95 dBm f4 = -105 dBm

f1 = -90 dBm f1 = -95 dBm f1 = -105 dBm
f8 = -110 dbm f8 = -105 dbm f8 = -95 dbm
f1’ = -110 dBm f1’ = -105 dBm f1’ = -95 dBm
C/I = 20 C/I = 10 C/I = 10
Handover to f1 Handover to f4 MS allocated to f8

© NOKIA BSSPAR / 10.05.2004

 Intelligent
Underlay
IUO Handover
Overlay (From Super Reuse TRX)
AV C/I ratio  superReuseBadCiThreshold or

enableInterFrtIuoHo=

DIS SUP and bad C/I SUP and other handover trigger or REG

Handover to Better super reuse Regular TRX

regular TRX frequency group available ?
available ?

Yes No

Yes No
Handover to it Handover to super
Handover to reuse frequency
regular TRX group
Handover to it
© NOKIA BSSPAR / 10.05.2004
 Intelligent
Underlay
IUO Handover
Overlay (Handover Types)

Intra cell Super => Regular (1) (5)

Intra cell (Regular or Child) "intra group" Super => Super (2)
Allowed only, if handover triggered by interference
Must be enabled with enableIntraHoInterUL/DL = Y Child
Child Child
(6) Child
Intra cell (Regular or Child) "inter group" Super => Super (3)
inter-cell Parent => Child Super =>Super (4) (2)

inter-cell Child => Child Super =>Super (5) (3) (1) (4)
inter-cell Child => Parent Super=> Regular (6)
Super Super

Parent /
Regular
Parent

© NOKIA BSSPAR / 10.05.2004

Intelligent
Underlay
Direct Access
Overlay (During Call Set Up)
Super reuse TRX with
Current AV Rx level  directAccessLevel

Child cells
available ?

Yes No

Conventional ranking Ranking according directAccessLevel

Inter cell handover to Intra cell handover to super reuse TRX
cell with highest rank with highest directAccessLevel

© NOKIA BSSPAR / 10.05.2004

Intelligent
Underlay
Direct Access
Overlay (During Ongoing Call)
Super reuse TRX with Current AV Rx level  directAccessLevel and
turn around corner handover triggered or fast / slow moving MS or
power budget handover triggered
or umbrella handover triggered

Bad uplink or downlink quality or

too low downlink RX level ?

Yes No

Conventional Conventional ranking

handover Cell with highest rank has super reuse TRX ?

Yes No

Inter cell Handover not possible

handover
© NOKIA BSSPAR / 10.05.2004