GENDER AND SOCIETY

Emma S. Perena, PhD.

Gender Concepts
and Definition
SEX
refers to biologically defined and
genetically acquired differences
between males and females,
according to their physiology
and reproductive capabilities or
potentialities. It is universal and
mostly unchanging, without
surgery.
GENDER
refers to the economic, social, political, and
cultural attributes and opportunities associated
with being women and men. The social
definitions of what it means to be a woman or a
man vary among cultures and change over time.
Gender is a sociocultural expression of particular
characteristics and roles that are associated with
certain groups of people with reference to their
sex and sexuality
Slide Title

Gender Equity
is the process of being fair to women andmen. To ensure fairness, measures
must be taken to compensate for historical and social disadvantages that
prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field.

Gender Equality
is the state or condition that affords women and men equal enjoyment of
human rights, socially valued goods, opportunities, and resources.

Gender Stereotypes
are ideas that people have on masculinity and femininity: what men and women of all generations
should be like and are capable of doing. (e.g., girls should be obedient and cute, are allowed to
cry, and boys are expected to be brave and not cry, women are better housekeepers and men are
better with machines, or boys are better at mathematics and girls more suited to nursing).

Gender Based Violence

is violence derived from gender norms and roles as well as from unequal power relations between women and men.
Violence is specifically targeted against a person because of his or her gender, and it affects women
disproportionately. It includes, but is not limited to, physical, sexual, and psychological harm (including intimidation,
suffering, coercion, and/or deprivation of liberty within the family or within the general community). It includes
violence perpetuated by the state

Homophobia
is the irrational fear of, aversion to, or discrimination against homosexuals or homosexual behavior or
cultures. Homophobia also refers to self-loathing by homosexuals, as well as the fear of men or
women who do not live up to society’s standards of what it is to be a “true man” or “true woman.”
SOGIESC

Sex Characteristics
This term is preferred over sexual preference, sexual
behavior,lifestyle and way of life when describing an 01
Gender individual’s feelings for or attraction to other people.
Expresssion
Each person’s deeply felt internal and individual experience of
gender, which may or may not correspond with their sex assigned
at birth or the gender attributed to them by society. It includes the
Gender Identity personal sense
02
of the body, which may or may not involve a desire for modification
of appearance or function of the body by medical, surgical or other
means

Individuals use a range of cues, such as names, pronouns, behaviour,

SEXUAL clothing, voice, mannerisms and/or bodily characteristics, to interpret other
ORIENTATION individuals’ genders. Gender expression is not necessarily an accurate 03
reflection of gender identity. People with diverse sexual orientation, gender
identity or sex characteristics do not necessarily have a diverse gender
expression. Likewise, people who do not have a diverse sexual orientation,
gender identity or sex characteristics may have a diverse gender expression .

Each person’s physical features relating to sex,

including chromosomes, gonads, sex hormones, 04
genitals and secondary physical features emerging
from puberty.
GENDER CONCEPTS

TRANSGENDER GENDER FLUID

Terms used by some people An adjective describing
whose gender identity differs someone whose gender is not
from what is typically associated fixed over time
with the sex they were assigned
at birth.

CIS GENDER QUEER

A person whose gender identity A person who identifies as
and the sex they were assigned neither or both male or female,
at birth align or a combination of genders.