Sequence and Series

Dr. VLG Nayagam

VLG Nayagam 1
Definition of the Limit of a Sequence

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Limit of a Sequence

VLG Nayagam VLG Nayagam

Properties of Limits of Sequences

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Squeeze Theorem for Sequences

VLG Nayagam 9-5

Absolute Value Theorem

VLG Nayagam 9-6

Definition of a Monotonic Sequence

VLG Nayagam 9-7

Definition of a Bounded Sequence

VLG Nayagam 9-8

Bounded Monotonic Sequences

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Problems:
1. Prove that convergence of {s } implies
n
the convergence of . Check whether
{
the converse is true.
s n }

2. calculate
lim n n 2  n  n
3. Discuss the convergence of sn1  2  sn
by assuming s1  2

VLG Nayagam 9-10

Ans: 1)

VLG Nayagam 9-11

Ans 2) ½

• Ans 3)

VLG Nayagam 9-12

Definitions of Convergent and Divergent Series

VLG Nayagam 9-13

Convergence of a Geometric Series

Positive term series : A series in which the terms are

positive after some stage N.

VLG Nayagam 9-14

Properties of Infinite Series
The convergence or divergence of a positve term
series will not be affected if
i).by multiplying a non zero scalar to each term
ii). By adding or deleting some finite terms.

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The Integral Test

VLG Nayagam 9-16

Convergence of p-Series

VLG Nayagam 9-17

Limit of nth Term of a Convergent Series

VLG Nayagam 9-18

nth-Term Test for Divergence

VLG Nayagam 9-19

Direct Comparison Test

VLG Nayagam 9-20

Limit Comparison Test

VLG Nayagam 9-21

 Problems:
•

VLG Nayagam 9-22

Determine the Nature of the following Series

VLG Nayagam 9-23

Comparision of Ratios:

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D’ Alembert’s Ratio Test

VLG Nayagam 9-25

Ratio Test

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Raabe’s Test

VLG Nayagam 9-27

Exercise:

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Answers:

VLG Nayagam 9-29

Answers:

VLG Nayagam 9-30

Answer

VLG Nayagam 9-31

 Answer

VLG Nayagam 9-32

Test the convergence of the following Series

VLG Nayagam 9-33

Answers

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Cauchy’s Root Test

VLG Nayagam 9-35

VLG Nayagam 9-36
Guidelines for Testing a Series for Convergence or
Divergence

VLG Nayagam 9-37

Summary of Tests for Series

9-38
Summary of Tests for Series (cont’d)

VLG Nayagam 9-39

Alternating Series Test

VLG Nayagam 9-40

Alternating Series Remainder

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Absolute Convergence

VLG Nayagam 9-42

Definitions of Absolute and Conditional
Convergence

VLG Nayagam 9-43

Definitions of nth Taylor Polynomial and nth
Maclaurin Polynomial

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Taylor's Theorem

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Definition of Power Series

VLG Nayagam 9-46

Convergence of a Power Series

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Properties of Functions Defined by Power Series

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Operations with Power Series

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The Form of a Convergent Power Series

VLG Nayagam 9-50

Definitions of Taylor and Maclaurin Series

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Convergence of Taylor Series

VLG Nayagam 9-52

Guidelines for Finding a Taylor Series

VLG Nayagam 9-53

Power Series for Elementary Functions

9-54