Expansion of (a+b)n

using Binomial theorem,we get

c
(a+b) = 0
n ann
+ n
c1 an-1
b

+ c2 a
n n-2
b 2 +nc3 an-3 b3
+nc4 an-4 b4 + ……+ ncn bn
 n!
n
cr = r! (n–r)!

= n! n!
n
c0 = = 1
0!(n–0)! n!
n!
n
c1= 1!(n–1)! = n
n! n(n-1)
n
c2= =
2!(n–2)! 2!
n
c3= n(n-1)(n-2)
3! c
n!
n
c = n
n
cn= =1 r n-r
(n-n)! n!
 APPLICATION OF
De’ MOIVRE’S THEOREM TO
TRIGNOMETRICAL IDENTITIES
(1)Expansion of sinn,cosn in powers
of sin, cos when n is a +ve integer.
By De Moivre’s theorem ,
cosn+i sinn =(cos+i sin)n
Expanding R.H.S By Binomial theorem
& equating real & imaginary parts we
get required expansions.
 Q. Find the expansion of (1)cos5 in
powers of cos,(2) sin5 in powers of
sin & (3) tan5 in powers of tan.
We know that by De’Moivre’s theorem,
(cos5+i sin5)=(cos+i sin)5
By Binomial theorem,
(cos5+i sin5) = cos5 +5c1 cos4(isin)
+5c2 cos3(i sin)2 +5c3 cos2(i sin)3
+5c4 cos(i sin)4 +(i sin)5
(cos5+i sin5) = cos5 +5c1 cos4 i sin
+5c2 cos3 i2 sin2
We know that +5c cos2 i3 sin3
3
i2= -1 i3= -i +5c4 cos i4 sin4
i4= 1 i5= i + i5 sin5
= cos 5
+i 5cos 4
sin-10cos 3
sin 2

- 10i cos2sin3+5cossin4+i sin5
= (cos5-10cos3sin2+5cossin4)
+i (5cos4sin -10 cos2sin3 +sin5)
comparing real & imaginary parts,
we get,
 comparing real parts, we get,
cos5 = cos5 -10cos3 sin2
+5 cos sin4
= cos5-10cos3 (1-cos2)
+5cos (1-cos2)2
= cos5 -10cos3 +10cos5
+5cos (1- 2cos2+cos4)
= 11cos5-10cos3 +5cos
-10cos3 +5cos5
= 16cos5-20cos3+5cos
 comparing imaginary parts, we get,
sin5 =5cos4 sin -10cos2 sin3+sin5
= 5(1-sin2)2 sin -10(1-sin2)sin3
+sin5
=5(1-2sin2+sin4) sin
-10(sin3-sin5)+ sin5

sin5 = 5sin-20sin3+16sin5
cos5= cos5-10cos3sin2+5cossin4
sin5= 5cos4sin-10 cos2sin3 +sin5
. sin5
Now tan5 =
cos5
5cos4sin-10cos2sin3+sin5
tan5 = cos5-10cos3sin2+5cossin4
Dividing Numerator & Denominator by
cos5,we get
5tan-10tan 3
+tan 5

tan5 = 1-10tan2+5tan4
Q:-
Expansion of cos6 in powers of cos.
OR Prove that cos6 = 32cos6
- 48cos4+18cos2-1
Expansion of tan6 in powers of tan.
OR
tan6= 6tan-20tan 3
+6tan 5

1-15tan2+15tan4-tan6
SOL:- By De’Moivre’s theorem,

(cos6+i sin6) = (cos+i sin)6

(cos6+i sin6) = (cos+i sin)6
= 6c0cos6 +6c1cos5(i sin)
+6c2cos4 (i sin)2 + 6c3cos3 (i sin)3
+6c4cos2(i sin)4 + 6c5cos(i sin)5
+6c6(i sin)6

= cos6+i (6cos5 sin)

-15cos4 sin2 -i 20cos3 sin3
+15cos2 sin4+i 6 cos sin5 - sin6
(cos6+i sin6)=
(cos6-15cos4sin2+15cos2sin4 -sin6)
+i(6cos5sin-20cos3sin3+ 6cossin5)
comparing real & imaginary parts,
we get,
cos6=
cos6-15cos4sin2+15cos2sin4 -sin6
sin6=
6cos5sin-20cos3sin3+ 6cossin5
comparing the real parts,
cos6 = cos 6
-15cos 4
 sin 2

+15cos2 sin4 - sin6 
= cos6-15cos4 (1-cos2)
+15cos2(1-cos2)2- (1-cos2)3
= cos6 -15cos4+15cos6
+15cos2(1+cos4-2cos2)
-(13-cos6-3cos2+3cos4)
cos6 = cos6 -15cos4+15cos6
+15cos2(1+cos4-2cos2)
-(13-cos6-3cos2+3cos4)
= 16cos6 -15cos4+15cos2
+15cos6 -30cos4 -1+cos6
+3cos2-3cos4
cos6 = 32cos6 - 48cos4+18cos2 -1
 comparing real & imaginary parts,
we get,
cos6=
cos6-15cos4sin2+15cos2sin4 -sin6
sin6=
6cos5sin-20cos3sin3+ 6cossin5
sin6 Dividing Numerator &
tan6=
cos6 Denominator by cos6
6tan-20tan3+6tan5
tan6 =
1-15tan2+15tan4-tan6
(2) Expansion of sinn ,cosn and
sinm. cosn in a series of sines or
cosines of multiples of angle 
Let x=cos+isin
Then, 1/x=cos-isin
Hence,
x+1/x =2cos
&
x–1/x =2isin
 x=cos+isin
 x n
=cosn+isinn
 1 =cosn-isinn
xn
1 1
x + n =2cosn & x - n =2isinn
n n
x x
These results are used to expand
power of sin or cos or their
products in a series of sines or
cosines of multiples of  .
Q:- Expand cos5 in a series of
cosines of multiples of .
Let x=cos+isin
1/x=cos-isin
x+1/x=2cos -----(1)
xn+1/xn=2cosn -----(2)
2cos=x+1/x
taking 5th power both the sides,
(2cos)5=(x+1/x)5
(2cos)5 = (x+1/x)5
25 cos5 = 5c0x5 +5c1x4 (1/x)
+ 5c2x3 (1/x2) + 5c3x2 (1/x3)
+ 5c4x1 (1/x4) + 5c5x0 (1/x5)
5
c0 =1 5
c5 =1
5
c3 = 5c2 =10 5c4 = 5c1 =5

25 cos5 = x5+5x3+10x+ 10. 1/x

+ 5.1/x3+1/x5
 25 cos5 = x5+5x3+10x+ 10. 1/x
+ 5.1/x3+1/x5
= (x5+1/x5) +5(x3+1/x3)+10(x+1/x)
x+1/x
x 3
n
5
+1/x=
3
n
5 2cos3
=2cos
2cosn
2cos5
=(2cos5) +5(2cos3) +10(2cos)
(25cos5) = 2(cos5+5cos3+10cos)

cos5 = (cos5+5cos3+10cos) /24

Q:- Expand sin5 in a series of
sines of multiples of .
Let x=cos+isin
1/x=cos-isin
x-1/x=2isin -----(1)
xn-1/xn=2isinn -----(2)
2isin=x-1/x
taking 5th power both the sides,
(2i sin)5 =(x-1/x)5
 (2isin)5=(x-1/x)5
25 i5 sin5 = 5c0x5 - 5c1x4 (1/x)
+ 5c2x3 (1/x2) - 5c3 x2 (1/x3)
+ 5c4x1 (1/x4) - 5c5 x0 (1/x5)
5
c1 =5 5
c2 =10
5
c3 = 5c2 =10 5c4 = 5c1 =5

25 i5 sin5 = x5 - 5x3+10x -10. 1/x

+ 5.1/x3 -1/x5
2 i sin  =
5 5 5 x 5
- 5x 3
+10x -10. 1/x
+ 5.1/x3 -1/x5
25i sin5= (x5 -1/x5) -5(x3-1/x3)
+10(x-1/x)
xx
x-1/x
n3
5
-1/x=2i
5
3
n
=
=2i
2i
sin
sin5
sin3
sinn
25i sin5= (2i sin5) -5(2i sin3)
+10(2i sin)
sin5 = 2i(sin5-5sin3+10sin)/(25i)
= (sin5-5sin3+10sin) /24
Q:- Expand cos8 in a series of
cosines of multiples of .
Let x=cos+isin
1/x=cos-isin
x+1/x=2cos -----(1)
xn+1/xn=2cosn -----(2)
2cos=x+1/x
taking 8th power both the sides,
(2cos)8 =(x+1/x)8
(2cos)8=(x+1/x)8
28 cos8 = 8c0 x8 +8c1x7 (1/x)
+ 8c2 x6 (1/x2) + 8c3 x5 (1/x3)
+ 8c4 x4 (1/x4) + 8c5 x3 (1/x5)
+ 8c6 x2 (1/x6) + 8c7 x1 (1/x7)
+ 8c8 x0 (1/x8)
8
c0 = 8c8 8
c1 =8
8
c7 = 8c1 8
c6 = 8c2 8
c5 = 8c3
28 cos8 = 8c0x8 +8c1x6 + 8c2 x4
+ 8c3 x2 + 8c4 + 8c3 1/x2
+ 8c2 1/x4 + 8c1 1/x6 + 8c0 1/x8
8
c0 =1 8c1 =8
8
c2 =28 8c3 =56
8
c4 =70
28 cos8 =(x8+1/x8) +8(x6+1/x6)
+28(x4+1/x4) +56(x2+1/x2)+70
x8+1/x8 =2cos8 x6+1/x6 =2cos6
x4+1/x4 =2cos4 x2+1/x2 =2cos2
28 cos8 =(x8+1/x8) +8(x6+1/x6)
+28(x4+1/x4) +56(x2+1/x2)+70

28 cos8 =(2cos8) +8(2cos6)

+28(2cos4)+56(2cos2)+70
=2 [ cos8+8 cos6 +28 cos4
+56 cos2+35 ]
1
cos = 7 [ cos8+8 cos6+28 cos4
8
2
+56 cos2+35 ]
Q:- Expand sin8 in a series of
cosines of multiples of .
Let x=cos+isin
1/x=cos-isin
x-1/x=2isin -----(1)
xn -1/xn=2isinn -----(2)
2isin=x-1/x
taking 8th power both the sides,
(2i sin)8 =(x -1/x)8
 (2isin)8 = (x -1/x)8
28 i8 sin8 = 8c0 x8 - 8c1 x7 (1/x)
+ 8c2 x6 (1/x2) - 8c3 x5 (1/x3)
+ 8c4 x4 (1/x4) - 8c5 x3 (1/x5)
+ 8c6 x2 (1/x6) - 8c7 x1 (1/x7)
+ 8c8 x0(1/x8)
8
c8 = 8c0 =1 8
c 5 = 8
c3 =56
8
c7 = c1 =8
8
8
c = 70
8
c6 = c2 =28
8 4
28 i8 sin8 = 8c0 x8 - 8c1 x7 (1/x)
+ 8c2 x6 (1/x2) - 8c3 x5 (1/x3)
+ 8c4 x4 (1/x4) - 8c5 x3 (1/x5)
+ 8c6 x2 (1/x6) - 8c7 x1 (1/x7)
+ 8c8 x0(1/x8)
28 sin8 = x8 - 8 x6 +28 x4 - 56 x2+70
- 56 1/x2+ 28 1/x4 - 8 1/x6 + 1/x8
=(x8+1/x8) - 8(x6+1/x6)+28(x4+1/x4)
- 56(x2+1/x2) +70
x4286+1/x4286 =2cos4
=2cos8
=2cos2
=2cos6
28 sin8 = (x8+1/x8) - 8(x6+1/x6)
+28(x4+1/x4) - 56(x2+1/x2)+70
28 sin8 =(2cos8) -8(2cos6)
+28(2cos4)-56(2cos2)+70
1
sin = 7 [ cos8-8 cos6+28 cos4
8
2
-56 cos2+35 ]
Q:- Expand cos5 sin7 in a series of
sines of multiples of .
Let x=cos+i sin
1/x=cos-i sin
x +1/x=2cos -----(1)
x -1/x=2isin -----(2)
taking 5th power in eqn.(1)
& taking 7th power in eqn.(2)
(2cos)5 (2i sin)7 =(x+1/x)5 (x-1/x)7
(2cos)5 (2i sin)7 =(x +1/x)5 (x -1/x)7
(212cos5 i7 sin7) 5
= {(x+1/x) (x-1/x)} (x-1/x)2
= (x2-1/x2)5 (x-1/x)2
= [ ) - 5c1(x2)4 .1 /(x2)1
(x 2 5

+5c2(x2)3 .1/(x2)2 - 5c3(x2)2 .1/(x2)3

+5c4(x2)1.1/(x2)4 -1/(x2)5 ](x2+1/x2-2)
(212cos5 i7 sin7)
= [ (x2)5 - 5c1(x2)4 .1 /(x2)1
+5c2(x2)3 .1/(x2)2 -5c3(x2)2 .1/(x2)3
+5c4(x2)1.1/(x2)4 -1/(x2)5 ](x2+1/x2-2)
- 212 icos5 sin7 = [ x10 - 5c1 x6
+5c2 x2 - 5c3 1/x2 +5c4 1/x6 -1/x10 ]
(x2 -2+1/x2)
=(x10-5x6+10x2-10/x2+5/x6 -1/x10)
(x2 –2 +1/x2)
- 212icos5sin7=
(x10-5x6+10x2-10/x2+5/x6 -1/x10)
(x2 –2 +1/x2)
= x12-5x8+10x4-10+5/x4-1/x8
-2x10 +10x6-20x2+20/x2-10/x6+2/x10
+x8-5x4+10 -10/x4+5/x8-1/x12
 - 212cos5 i sin7=
= (x12-1/x12) -2(x10-1/x10) -4(x8-1/x8)
+10(x6-1/x6) +5(x4-1/x4) -20(x2-1/x2)
x212
10-1/x
8
6
4
-1/x246812
==2i
10 sin2
sin8
2i sin4
sin6
sin12
sin10
 - 212cos5 i sin7=
= (x12-1/x12) -2(x10-1/x10) -4(x8-1/x8)
+10(x6-1/x6) +5(x4-1/x4) -20(x2-1/x2)

=(2i sin12) -2(2i sin10) -4(2i sin8)

+10(2i sin6)+5(2i sin4)-20(2i sin2)
 cos5 sin7
1
= - 11 ( sin12 -2sin10 -4sin8
2
+10sin6+5sin4 -20sin2)
Q:- Expand cos2sin4 in a series of
multiples of .
Let x=cos+i sin
1/x=cos-i sin
x +1/x=2cos -----(1)
x -1/x=2isin -----(2)
taking 2nd power in eqn.(1)
& taking 4th power in eqn.(2)
(2cos)2 (2i sin)4 =(x+1/x)2 (x-1/x)4
(2cos)2 (2i sin)4 =(x +1/x)2 (x -1/x)4
(26cos2 i4 sin4)

= (x2-1/x2)2 (x-1/x)2
= - 2 +1/(x ) ]
[ (x )
2 2 2 2 (x2+1/x2-2)
=(x6-2x4-2x2+4-2/x2-2/x4 +1/x6)
 26cos2 sin4=
=(x6+1/x6) -2(x4+1/x4) -2(x2+1/x2)
+4
 26cos2 sin4=
= (x6+1/x6) -2(x4+1/x4) -2(x2+1/x2)
+4

=(2 cos6) -2(2cos4) -2(2cos2) +4

 cos2 sin4

1
= ( cos6 -2cos4 -2cos2 +2 )
32
NOTE:- In expansion of sinn or sinn
cosm if n is odd then the series will
contain all the term of sine.
Otherwise i.e. if n is even series
will be in cosine.