The temperature above which all particles in the solid state

have been converted to the liquid state is known as the

melting point
melting point is also the maximum temperature at which
particles in the solid and liquid states are both present.

Particles evaporating from the surface of a liquid occurs at

any temperature, but the rate of evaporation increases as the
temperature rises.
The process of applying thermal energy to a liquid to obtain
a gas is called
The temperature above which all the particles in the
liquid state have been converted to the gas state is
known as the

The boiling point is also the maximum temperature at

which particles in the liquid and gas states are both
present.

Particles condensing into the liquid state occurs at any

temperature, but the rate of condensing increases as the
temperature drops.
As heat is added to the gas, the temperature of the
gas increases.

his makes each particle move faster and further, but

still in random directions.

It increases the distance between the particles, so the

volume the gas occupies increases as the temperature
increases.
is defined as the amount of force applied to the
surface of an object over a particular unit area (for
example, a square metre).
When you increase the pressure of a gas at a fixed
temperature, the volume of the gas decreases.
As the temperature of a gas decreases, the particles
move more slowly and closer together

This decreases the volume of the gas particles

When the temperature increases, the particles gain

kinetic energy from their surroundings and move
around faster.

They take up more space and the volume of the gas

increases.
The volume of a gas increases with temperature, at
constant pressure
At a fixed temperature, the particles in a gas have the
same overall energy.

When pressure is applied to this gas, the particles are

forced to move closer together

as the particles move closer together, they occupy a

smaller volume
SAMARY
•When solids are heated, energy is transferred to the particles and they move
faster. If sufficient energy is provided, they overcome the strong forces of
attraction and move from their positions. This is called melting and it occurs
at the melting point.
•When liquids are cooled below the melting point, they turn back into a
solid. This is called freezing. When liquids are heated, the particles
eventually move fast enough to overcome the forces holding them close
together and escape the liquid as a gas. This occurs at the boiling point.

•The motion of the particles within a gas can be affected by temperature and
pressure.

•In a gas at a fixed temperature, the volume it occupies decreases as the

pressure increases.