Effective Use of Technology

for e-Learning
1
Mohsin Nazir
2 What is Technology?
1. Technology is Objects:
 Tools, machines, instruments, weapons, appliances - the physical devices of technical
performance

2. Technology is Knowledge:
 The know-how behind technological innovation

3. Technology is Activities:
 What people do - their skills, methods, procedures, routines

4. Technology is a Process:
 Begins with a need and ends with a solution

5. Technology is a Sociotechnical System:

 The manufacture and use of objects involving people and other objects in combination
3 Should We Use Technology
in Education?
 Plan should clearly identify learning goals to be achieved
through technology

 Technology should support instructional learning goals --

integrated into instruction in meaningful ways

 Technology should be used for challenging, long-term

projects that promote students' higher-order thinking skills
4 Impact Of Technology On The Learning
Environment
 Technology is having a major impact on the delivery of
training programs.
 Today we prefer E-learning because of its potential
learning and accessibility advantages over traditional
classroom training.
 Technology is changing learning and training in corporate
settings, grade schools, high schools, Colleges and
Universities.
5
 New technologies have made it possible to:
 Reduce the costs associated with delivering training
 Increase the effectiveness of the learning environment
 Help training contribute to business goals
 Prior to the introduction of new technology:
 Learning was a very linear process.
 Instructors presented information to the learners.
 Practice and applications occurred after instruction.
 Instructor/trainer and learner were only ones involved.
 Communication was one way – from instructor to trainee.
 Trainee played passive role in learning.
  Technology has allowed learning to become a more dynamic process.
6
 The learning environment has expanded to include greater interaction
between learners and the training content.
 There is greater interaction between learners and the instructor.
 Instruction is primarily delivered to the learners online using the internet.
 Instructor is more of a coach and resource person.
 Learning occurs through:
 communicating with other learners
 working on virtual team projects
 exchanging ideas
 interacting with experts
 discovering ideas and applications using hyperlinks
7 Scope of Internet as a ICT in Education

 ICT as a tool to innovate teaching-learning practice via Internet

(i.e. digital content, multimedia, teaching-learning methods, learning
environment)

 ICT as an administrative tool (i.e. education management

information systems (EMIS)

 ICT as an expanding learning opportunity (i.e. distance learning,

e-Learning)

 ICT as a facilitator of higher-order thinking skills (i.e. learner-

centered, self-directed learning, tailored learning)
8 Traditional v/s Internet based ICT Education
Approach
Traditional Classroom ICT In Education
Classroom  Physical – limited size  Unlimited
 Synchronous  Anytime, anywhere

Content  PowerPoint / transparency /  Multimedia / simulation

etc  Digital library
 Textbooks / library  On demand
 Video  Syn & Asyn.
Communication

Personalisation  One learning path  Learning path and pace

determined by learner
9 E-Learning
 E learning is developing as a widely used concept of learning in
India.
 E-learning is basically the process of learning through electronic
medium.
 E-learning is the convergence of learning and Internet.
 It is the use of network technology to design, deliver, monitor,
administer and extend the learning environment.
 Internet-based learning allows students to learn at their own pace, access
the information at a time that is convenient for them, and provides
education to remote students that otherwise would not be able to travel to
a classroom.
10
Characteristics of e-learning:

Involves electronic networks that enable

information and instruction to be delivered,
shared, and updated instantly.
Delivered to the trainee using computers with
Internet technology.
Focuses on learning solutions that go beyond
traditional training.
11 Advantages of E-learning
 It supports company’s business strategy and objectives.
 It is accessible at any time and any place.
 The audience can include employees and managers as well as
vendors, customers, and clients.
 Training can be delivered to geographically dispersed
employees.
 Training can be delivered faster and to more employees in a
shorter period of time.
12 Advantages of E-learning (continued)
 Updating is easy.
 Practice, feedback, objectives, assessment, and other positive
features of a learning environment can be built into the program.
 Learning is enhanced through use of multiple media and trainee
interaction.
 Paperwork related to training management can be eliminated.
 It can link learners to other content, experts, and peers.
13 Building an e-learning culture
Teacher:
Develop knowledge & skills
Understand learning and its need
Facilitate learning
Create learning opportunities
Learner:
Self-directed
Self-motivated Building an
Self-regulating E-learning
Lifelong learning Culture

Administrator:
Create Learning environment
Provide ICT infrastructure
Resources for lifelong learning
14
15 Tips for Developing Effective Online Learning

 Consult with information technology experts before buying or

developing a program.
 Online programs should incorporate learning practices.
 To teach interpersonal skills on the Web, get the learner actively
involved.
 Give employees time for Web-based training.
 Keep Web-based learning events short.
16 Tips for Developing Effective Online Learning
(continued)

 Design courses for available bandwidth or increase bandwidth.

 Avoid using plug-ins.
 Make sure that trainees know the basics.
 Allow trainees the opportunity to collaborate.
 Consider a combination of Web-based and face-to-face instruction.
 Make trainees accountable for completing courses.
17 The Internet or Web-Based Training and E-learning

 Virtual reality is a computer-based technology that provides

trainees with a three-dimensional learning experience.
 Trainees move through the simulated environment and interact
with its components.
 Technology is used to stimulate multiple senses of the trainee.
 Devices relay information from the environment to the senses.
 Intelligent Tutoring Systems

 Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) refer to instructional systems

using artificial intelligence.
 There are three types of ITS:
 Tutoring
 Coaching
 Empowering environments
 Tutoring is a structured attempt to increase trainee understanding
of a content domain.
19 Components of Intelligent tutoring systems:
Domain Expert
Provides information about how to
perform the task

Trainee Model
Provides information about student’s
knowledge

User Interface Training Session Manager

Enables trainee to interact Interprets trainees’ actions and
with the system reports the results or provides
coaching

Trainee Scenario Generator

Determines difficulty and order in
which problems are presented to
trainee
 Characteristics of Intelligent Tutoring Systems
(ITS):

 ITS has the ability to match instruction to individual

student needs.
 ITS can communicate and respond to the student.
 ITS can model the trainee’s learning process.
 ITS can decide, on the basis of a trainee’s previous
performance, what information to provide to him.
 Characteristics of Intelligent Tutoring Systems
(ITS): (continued)

 ITS can make decisions about the trainee’s level of

understanding.
 ITS can complete a self-assessment resulting in a
modification of its teaching process.
8-
22 Distance Learning
 Distance learning is used by geographically dispersed companies
to provide information about new products, policies, procedures,
and skills training and expert lectures to field locations.
 Features two-way communications between people.
 Involves two types of technology:
 Teleconferencing
 Individualized, personal-computer-based training
Technologies for Training Support
 New technologies such as expert systems, groupware, and
electronic support systems are being used to support training
efforts.
 These technologies are helping to capture training content so that
it is available to employees who may not have attended training.
 These technologies provide information and decision rules to
employees on an as-needed basis.
 Employees can access these technologies in the work
environment.
 Conditions when training support technologies are
most needed:

 Performance of task is infrequent.

 The task is lengthy, difficult, and information-intensive.
 The consequences of error are damaging.
 Performance relies on knowledge, procedures, or approaches that
frequently change.
8- Conditions when training support technologies are
25
most needed: (continued)

 There is high employee turnover.

 Little time is available for training resources for training are few.
 Employees are expected to take full responsibility for learning and
performing tasks.
 Training Support Technologies:
Expert Systems

 Expert systems refer to technology that organizes and applies the

knowledge of human experts to specific problems.
 Expert systems are used as a support tool that employees refer to
when they have problems or decisions they feel exceed their
current knowledge and skills.
27 Training Support Technologies:
Expert Systems (continued)
 Expert systems have three elements:
 A knowledge base that contains facts, figures, and
rules about a specific subject.
 A decision making capability that draws conclusions
from those facts and figures to solve problems and
answer questions.
 A user interface that gathers and gives information to
the person using the system.
28 Training Support Technologies:
Groupware
 Groupware (electronic meeting software) is a special
type of software application that enables multiple users
to track, share, and organize information, and to work
on the same document simultaneously.
 Companies have been using groupware to improve
business processes, to improve meeting effectiveness,
as well as to identify and share knowledge in the
organization.
29 Training Support Technologies:
Groupware (continued)

 A groupware system combines such elements as:

 Electronic mail
 Document management
 Electronic bulletin board
 The most popular brand of groupware is Lotus Notes.
30 Training Support Technologies:
Electronic Performance Support Systems

 An electronic performance support system (EPSS) is an electronic

infrastructure that:
 Captures, stores, and distributes individual and corporate
knowledge assets throughout an organization, to
 Enable individuals to achieve required levels of performance in
the fastest possible time and with a minimum of support from
other people.
31 What is Web 2.0 technology?
 When it comes to defining web 2.0. the term means such internet
applications which allow sharing and collaboration opportunities to
people and help them to express themselves online.
 It’s a simply improved version of the first worldwide web,
characterized specifically by the change from static to dynamic or
user-generated content and also the growth of social media.
 The concept behind Web 2.0 refers to rich web applications, web-
oriented architecture, and social web. It refer to changes in the ways
web pages are designed and used by the users, without any change
in any technical specifications.
32
Web 2.0 – Characteristics – 1/2
 User-centered Design:
 A web design created in a way that it fulfills every possible need of the end
user and empowers the user to perform certain customizations within the
design.
 Crowd-sourcing :
 Every small unit of contribution is important to a Web

 2.0 service. Millions of such contributions eventually lead

the website to state of higher relevance
 Web as Platform:
 – Web 2.0 services do not require a client download
condition, nor is the dependency on a particular OS for
accessing the web services
33
Web 2.0 – Characteristics – 2/2
 Collaboration :
 develop content by collaborative participating rather than depending on
the publisher
 Power Decentralisation :
 Web 2.0 services follow a self-service model rather than being a
administrator dependent
 Dynamic Content :
 Web 2.0 services have to be highly dynamic and proactive.

 Rich User Experience :

 Use of various technologies (e.g. XHTML,CSS 2.0,Ajax,flex etc) have
potentially helped making web services lighter, faster, less cluttered and
also more appealing to the end user
34 E-Learning 1.0 -> E-Learning 2.0

 -Paradigm Shift-
 E-Learning 1.0 and
 E-Learning 2.0

 Teacher becomes facilitator

 Learners need more commitments
 Social learning
35
Learning Management System

 LMS is a software application that automates the

administration, tracking, and reporting of training
events.
 course, content, learning facilitation, user, role
 assessment, feedback, class room management
 reporting
36 MOODLE

 Moodle stands for Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment.

 Moodle was designed to provide educators, administrators, and learners with an
open, robust, secure and free platform to create and deliver personalized learning
environments.
 provides a multimedia learning experience
 extends our students’ learning beyond the classroom.
 creates an interactive space for students to learn
 provides resources and opportunities for students to review material taught in
class
 allows course material to be available to students at all times
37 Activities in Moodle
 Assignments:
 Enable teachers to grade and give comments on uploaded files and assignments created on and
off line
 Chat:
 Allows participants to have a real-time synchronous discussion
 Choice:
 A teacher asks a question and specifies a choice of multiple responses
 Database:
 Enables participants to create, maintain and search a bank of record entries
 Feedback:
 For creating and conducting surveys to collect feedback
 Forum:
 Allows participants to have asynchronous discussions
 Activities in Moodle
 Glossary:
38
 Enables participants to create and maintain a list of definitions, like a dictionary
 Lesson:
 For delivering content in flexible ways
 Quiz:
 Allows the teacher to design and set quiz tests, which may be automatically marked and feedback and/or
to correct answers shown
 SCORM:
 Enables SCORM packages to be included as course content
 Survey:
 For gathering data from students to help teachers learn about their class and reflect on their own teaching
 Wiki:
 A collection of web pages that anyone can add to or edit
 Workshop:
 Enables peer assessment
39 CONCLUSION
 ICT and e-learning offers opportunity to raise educational standards
in schools
 Large range of ICT tools are available for teaching and learning
 E-Learning really changes the conventional mode of education with
the help internet technologies and learning management software.
 The future growth of e- learning will depend on the use of
IETs, attitude of youngsters towards the use of modern
technology and exposed to Internet.
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