GROUP 1

• Mapaseka Sejane
• Seipati Taeli
• Lizzy Madane
• Nthabeleng Sefolo
• Lika Mohlophehi
• Karabo Maphats’oe
 objectives
At the end of this presentation learners should be to:

• Define nutrition and malnutrition

• Identify essential nutrients and their dietary sources
• Explain factors that influence nutrition
Nutrition
• The process of providing the body with the right amount and types of
nutrients for it to function properly.

Malnutrition
• A wide range of health problems depending on the type and severity
of the malnutrition. It is typically a the state of being poorly
nourished.

• It may be caused by inadequate food or essential nutrients.

Essential nutrients and their dietary sources.
Carbohydrates
They are mainly sugars and starches
• Sugar
• Pasta
• Bread
• Fruits and vegetables
Fats
They are classified into saturated and unsaturated fats

• Saturated fats
They are solid at room temperature and originate from animal sources
Beef
Pork
Cheese

• Unsaturated fats
They are oils usually derived from vegetables and plants
Vitamins
They are chemicals required in very small quantities for essential
metabolic processes.

Vitamins are divided into 2 groups:

1. Fat-soluble vitamins: A,D,E and K
2. Water-soluble vitamins: B complex and c

Fat-soluble vitamins
Vitamin A
Liver, fish, egg yolk, cheese and butter
 Vitamin D
Found mainly in animal fats.
Butter, cheese, eggs, fish liver oils

Vitamin E
Also known as focopherol
Nuts, egg yolk, milk, whole cereal, butter

Vitamin K
Liver, green leafy vegetables
 Water-soluble vitamins
Vitamin B complex
They promote activity of enzymes involved in the chemical breakdown of
nutrients to release energy.

• Vitamin B1 (thiamine)
Nuts, yeast, egg yolk, liver, germ of cereals

• Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
Yeast, green vegetables, milk, liver, eggs, cheese
Cont.…

• Vitamin B3 (niacin)
Liver, cheese, yeast, whole cereal, egg and dairy products

• Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
Egg yolk, peas, beans, yeast, white fish, peanuts

• Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

All foods of animal origin and is destroyed by heat
Sodium
Meat, fish, eggs, milk

Irons
liver, red meat, nuts, eggs, green leafy vegetables

Iodine
Sea food, vegetables grown in soil

Water
It is the most abundant constituent of a human body accounting for
around 605 of the body weight.
 Factors that influence nutrition

Socioeconomic status
People with low incomes often have limited access to nutrition foods
which can lead to nutrient deficiencies

Stage of life
As we age our digestive function often deteriorates and therefore in
older adults compromised digestive function can for supplementation.

Elderly people can experience a decline in appetive so a high quality

meal replacement shake with added vitamins and minerals
Cont.….
Location
Where you are in the world is one of the factors you could have a higher
requirement for certain nutrients.

Medication
A number of different medication can lead increase requirement for certain
nutrients.
For examples, proton pump inhibitors commonly prescribes for acid reflux
are understood to lead to increased risk of vitamin and mineral deficiencies
impacting vitamin B12, vitamin C, calcium, iron and magnesium.
Thank you!