Properties of Materials

Properties of materials are categorized into five types:

Physical
Mechanical
Chemical
Thermal
Electrical
 PHYSICAL
Density
 Density is the measurement of how tightly a material is packed together.

Pressure
Pressure is defined as the physical force exerted on an object
 PHYSICAL
Melting point:
The melting point is usually defined as the point at which materials changes
from a solid to a liquid
 MECHANICAL
Strength
It is the ability of the material to withstand forces , which are applied on it.

Elasticity
It is the property of a material to regain its original shape after deformation when external
forces are removed.
 MECHANICAL
Ductility
It is the property of a material by virtue of which metal can be drawn into thin wires or
rods

Malleability
It is property of metal by virtue of which metal can be hammered into thin sheets.
 MECHANICAL
Brittleness
It is the property of metal by virtue of which , metal does not undergo deformation but it
fails and develops cracks.

Stiffness
It is the ability of a material to resist deformation under stress.
 MECHANICAL

Toughness
It is the property of a material to resist fracture due to high impact loads.

Resilience
It is the property of a material to absorb energy and to resist impact loads.
 MECHANICAL
Hardness
It is the ability of the material to resist scratching, penetration or indentation.

Creep
Slow and permanent deformation due to high temperature for a long time is creep.
 Thermal
Heat capacity
The heat capacity of a material can be defined as the amount of heat
required to change the temperature of the material by one degree.
 Thermal
Thermal Expansion
When heat is passed through a material, its shape changes. Generally, a material
expands when heated. This property of a material is called thermal expansion.
 CHEMICAL
Reactivity
The tendency of matter to combine chemically with other substances is known
as reactivity.
 CHEMICAL
Toxicity
Toxicity refers to the extent to which a chemical element or a combination of
chemicals may harm an organism.
 CHEMICAL
Acidity
A substance’s ability to react with an acid is a chemical property. Some metals form
compounds when they react with different acids. Acids react with bases to create water,
which neutralizes the acid.
 ELECTRICAL
Electrical conductivity
The property which allows flow of electrons or electric current through the
material.
 ELECTRICAL
Electrical resistivity
The property which does not allow flow of electrons or electric current to
pass through the material.