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JOURNALISM
Prepared by:
Taculoy, Clata, Bernabe, Montecillo, Gelle, Imbing,
Tizon
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Objectives
At the end of the discussion the students will be able to;

• Understand and apply the basic concepts and principles of

journalism
• Identify and explain common media forms and understand how
different media can convey and disseminate information to the
public.
• Describe the history of journalism in the Philippines, including key
events and to appreciate the evolution and impact of journalism on
society.
• Analyze and evaluate the features and components of campus
journalism in order to develop effective journalism skills and
contribute to the campus community through responsible and
engaging reporting.
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DEFINITION OF TERMS

JOURNAL JOURNALISM MEDIA

The activity or profession of The means of communication, as
A daily record of news and writing for newspapers, radio and television, newspapers,
events of a personal nature; magazines, and the internet, that
magazines, or news websites
reach or influence people widely:.
a diary. or preparing news to be
broadcast.

HISTORY FACTS EVENTS

The whole series of past events A thing that is known or A thing that happens,
connected with someone or proved to be true. especially one of
something.
importance.
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Introduction to Journalism
● The collection, preparation, and distribution of news

and related commentary and feature materials through

such print and electronic media as newspapers,

magazines, books, blogs, webcasts, podcasts, social

networking and social media sites, and e-mail

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• A form of writing that tells

people about things that
truly happened but that
they have not known
about that already.
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● The word journal comes from the Latin word diuma which means “daily.” In ancient Rome,
short bulletins of battles, fires, and elections compiled by government officials were posted up
in public places.These were called acta diuma which meant “daily events.” Definition of
Journalism
● The occupation of writing for publication in newspapers and other periodicals. Something that
embraces all forms in which or through which the news and comments on the news reach the
public. All that happens in the world, if such happenings hold interest for the public, and all the
thoughts, actions, and ideas which these happenings stimulate, become basic materials for
the journalist.
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Scope of Journalism

May be divided into three areas: written, oral, and visual 

Periodicals such as newspapers and magazines fall under written journalism.

Periodical is a publication that comes out at regular intervals —daily, weekly, fortnightly, monthly,
bi-monthly, quarterly, annually, etc. 

A newspaper, compared to a magazine, prints more news, has no special cover, and is printed on
a special paper called newsprint. 
News is printed on the front page as wells as on the inside and back pages.
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A magazine prints more features and human interest stories, has a special cover usually
with a big cut on it, and is often printed on bookpaper. If ever news is printed, it is brief,
featurized, and found in the inside pages.  Periodicals, brochures, journals, books, and
graphic arts are classified under print media. 

Radio falls under oral journalism, while television, movies, and documentaries are under visual
journalism. Radio and television are examples of broadcast media while movies and documentaries
are examples of film media.
Newspapers and Yearbooks Comparison
Both are journalistic products
Report on school scene
Reflect student thought, opinion, and taste
Give students an opportunity to showcase their best creative work
○ Yearbooks serve as memory books of a certain year at a specific school
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Yearbooks consists primarily of photographs

Yearbooks are considered keepsakes
Newspapers are more current events-oriented
Newspapers are issued several times a year
Newspapers use far fewer photographs and devote much more content to
coverage of recent events and to reporting upcoming activites.
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RESPONSIBLE JOURNALISM
 Not biased writing

 Reports of what is only seen

 No exaggeration or leaving out details

 Reveals all truth in the story with no edits

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JOURNALISM as a CAREER

This is a highly resposible and interesting

job. People who are looking for a career in
journalism should have a presentable and
confident personality, along with the ability
to write and present information accurately
and concisely.
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Essential Requirement that highlights a Good Journalist

 Inquisitive Bent of mind

 Good writing and Communication skills
 Ability to differentiate fact and fiction
 Tact Intelligence
 Awareness and interest in current affairs
 Capable of handling the unforeseen situations
efficiently
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COMMON
MEDIA
FORMS
Media products are designed and produced
in a wide variety of media forms. The
construction of a media product is dependent on
the style and genre of the product and the
intended audience, location, context and time in
which the product was created, produced,
distributed, consumed and read by audiences.
Media forms refer to technological means and
channels by which the media is created,
produced, distributed, consumed and read.
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Media forms include:

• Moving image, for example film, television, video, animation

• Still image, for example photography

• Audio, for example radio, podcast

• Print, for example magazine, zine, comic, graphic novel, newspaper, poster

• Digital, for example online video and audio, streaming video and audio, podcast, magazine, comic,
graphic novel, newspaper, video game, blog, website, app

• Convergent or hybridised media: the combination or joining of two or more media forms,
such as photography and animation, print productions and a digital game, augmented and virtual reality
products.
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MOVING IMAGE
● A form of entertainment that enacts a story by sound and a sequence
of images giving the illusion of continuous movement. synonyms: film,
flick, motion picture, motion-picture show, movie, moving-picture show,
pic, picture, picture show.
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STILL IMAGE
● A photograph, drawing, painting. A still image is a single
static image, as distinguished from a moving image (i.e. a
movie). This phrase is used in photography.
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AUDIO
● Audio is a media form where a message is communicated to an audience
through the voice. The messenger will not be visually seen by those who
receive the message. This media form might be used to stimulate the
listening capacity of the audience, such as radio and podcast.
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PRINT
● Print media is a form of publishing that relies upon paper
as its medium. Magazines, newspapers, flyers, and books
are all examples of print media.
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DIGITAL
● Digital media is any form of media that uses electronic devices for
distribution. This form of media can be created, viewed, modified, and
distributed via electronic devices. Digital media is commonly used software,
video games, videos, websites, social media, and online advertising.
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CONVERGENT OR HYBRIDISED MEDIA

● Convergence media is the combining and merging of media forms and technologies
to produce media experiences combining voice and video. Hybridised media is the
convergence of media technologies such as digital photography, video and text
combined to produce a hybridised media form such as 'blog' or an online 'zine'.
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HISTORY OF
JOURNALISM
IN THE
PHILIPPINES

16th Century- EARLY YEARS
• It was in the year 1637 when the "Father of
Filipino Printing", Tomas Pinpin,
launched the first Philippine newsletter
called "Successos Felices" (Fortunate
Events).
• In 1799, following Pinpin's debut in printing,
he again came up with his Hojas Volantes
or "flying sheets".
• "Del Superior Govierno," was launched by
Gov. Fernandez del Forgueras on August 8,
1811.
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• "La Esperanza" was released in 1846,
which was edited by Felipe Lacorte and
Evaristo Calderon, lasted only for three
years. However, it gave way to the birth of
other dailies such as "La Estrella" in
1847 and "Diario de Manila" in 1848.
• Until 1862, a Tagalog publisher, Mariano
Sevilla, founded El Catolico Filipino.
• The year 1887 marked the beginning of a
more opinionated journalism in the
Philippines on April 1, 1887 with the
birth of La Opinion.

1889- PERIOD OF REVOLUTION
● In February 19, 1889 La Solidaridad came
out as the "mouthpiece of the revolution."
● Katipuneros established "Ang Kalayaan"
(Liberty) on January 1, 1896. It was edited
by Pio Valenzuela, Emilio Jacinto and Andres
Bonifacio.
● Other revolutionary papers that emerged in
those times were El Heraldo de Iloilo on
January 1, 1898 and La Libertad on June
20, 1898. Also in the same year, La
Independencia was founded on September 3
by Gen. Antonio Luna and Fernando Ma.
Guerrero.
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● Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo, in his effort to
unify his armies, put up his own
revolutionary organ called "El Heraldo de
la Revolucion" on September 28, 1898.
● The arrival of more American fleets on
August 13, 1898, American editors
aboard Admiral Dewey's flagship came up
with the paper, Bounding Billow.
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1898- AMERICAN COLONIALISM

● Manila Times of Thomas Gowan was established on October 11, 1898.

● TVT (Taliba-La Vanguardia-Tribune) owned by Alejandro Roces, Sr., later
by his son Ramon Roces, known as the "father of modern journalism"
was considered the first newspaper chain in the Philippines in the 1920s.
● Manila Tribune was established by Roces on April 1, 1925, with Carlos P.
Romulo as editor.
● Another American newspaper issued that time was the "oldest existing
newspaper", The Manila Daily Bulletin, established by Carson Taylor in
February 1, 1900.
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1942- JAPANESE OCCUPATION

● TVT which was left to operate however it was controlled and

functioned as "solely for the benefit of the Japanese state" on
October 12, 1942.
● Liwayway was allowed to be published regularly but under
censorship of the Japanese Imperial Army.
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1945- POST LIBERATION

● Manila Free Philippines became the ● Likewise, Ramon Roces, son of Don
first post-Liberation newspaper Alejandro, also put out Manila's first
published by the US Office of War afternoon newspaper called Evening News.
Information. Furthermore, his Graphic, renamed as
● Those that were revived included The Kislap-Graphic,Liwayway and vernacular
Manila Bulletin, further developed in sister publications: Bisaya, Bannawag
1947, Philippines Herald, Manila and Hiligaynon were also re-launched.
Chronicle, started as "The People's
Newspaper" and was later bought by
Eugenio Lopez in 1947 and Manila
Times, reestablished by the Roces
family.
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1972- MARTIAL LAW

● More than three decades of free press, on September 21,

1972 upon the declaration of Martial Law, publications
were once again halted from their liberal operations.
● It was in this period when the likes Geny Lopez, Jr., Chino
Roces, Max V. Soliven, Luis Beltran, Teodoro Locsin, Jose
Diokno, Benigno Aquino, Jr. and others were detained at
Camp Crame.
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1986- CONTEMPORARY TIMES

● When the Marcos' administration ended because of the first People

Power revolt, the press was once again freed.
● Manila Times by Ramon Roces decided to revive the paper on
January 1986, registered under his grandson, Alfredo R. Guerrero.
● He also brought back La Vanguardia Publishing Co., Inc. which was for
his other grandson, Ramon R. Davila.
● The Manila Chronicle was re-established with publisher Joaquin
"Chino" Roces and editor Amando Doronilla.
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PRINCIPLES OF
JOURNALISM
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The five core principles of

journalism
1. Truth and Accuracy –
Journalists cannot always guarantee ‘truth’, but getting the facts right is the cardinal
principle of journalism. We should always strive for accuracy, give all the relevant facts we
have and ensure that they have been checked. When we cannot corroborate information
we should say so.

2. Independence –
Journalists must be independent voices; we should not act, formally or informally, on
behalf of special interests whether political, corporate or cultural. We should declare to
our editors – or the audience – any of our political affiliations, financial arrangements or
other personal information that might constitute a conflict of interest.
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The five core principles of

journalism
3. Fairness and Impartiality –
Most stories have at least two sides. While there is no obligation to present every side in every
piece, stories should be balanced and add context. Objectivity is not always possible, and may not
always be desirable (in the face for example of brutality or inhumanity), but impartial reporting builds trust
and confidence.
4. Humanity –
Journalists should do no harm. What we publish or broadcast may be hurtful, but we should be
aware of the impact of our words and images on the lives of others.
5. Accountability –
A sure sign of professionalism and responsible journalism is the ability to hold ourselves
accountable. When we commit errors we must correct them and our expressions of regret must be
sincere not cynical. We listen to the concerns of our audience. We may not change what readers write or
say but we will always provide remedies when we are unfair.
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FEATUR
ES
OF
C A MPU
S
JOURNA
L I ST

Writing and
reporting skills:
Campus journalists should have
strong writing and reporting skills to
produce high-quality articles, news,
and features. They should be able to
research and gather information
accurately, analyze it critically, and
present it effectively to their audience.
Teamwork and
collaboration:
FEATURES The team, collaborate with other members
of the editorial board, and communicate
clearly and professionally with their
colleagues. They should also be able to
provide constructive feedback and support
to their peers.
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Time
management:
Campus journalists should be
able to manage their time
effectively to meet deadlines,
balance multiple assignments,
and prioritize their workload.
They should also be able to work
under pressure and handle last-
minute changes or emergencies
Creativity and
innovation:
Able to think creatively and come up with
fresh ideas for articles, features, and
multimedia content. They should also be
able to use technology and social media
to engage their audience and promote
their work.
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Professionalism
and integrity:
• Campus journalists should uphold
high standards of professionalism
and integrity in their work, including
accuracy, fairness, and impartiality.
They should also be able to handle
sensitive issues with sensitivity and
respect for all parties involved.
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Critical
Campus journalists
should be able to think They should also be
critically and analyze able to challenge
complex
including
issues,
social,
conventional wisdom
and provide alternative Thinking
and
political, and economic perspectives.
issues, and present

Analysis:
their views in a clear
and persuasive
manner.
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Adaptability and flexibility:

Campus journalists should be able to adapt to changing

circumstances and be flexible in their approach to
journalism, including embracing new technologies,
platforms, and trends. They should also be able to learn
from feedback and criticism and improve their skills over
time.
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HOPE YOU ENJOYED TODAY!!!!

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This is our team

Taculoy, Sharel Montecillo,

Mae Clata, Ma. Imbing, Bea Aivie Gelle, Chona
Princess Lern
Tizon, Glory Bernabe,
Joy Althia
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Thank you!
sharelmae14@gmail.com
Taculoy, Sharel Mae fb
Sharel_taculoy

Do you have any questions?

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REFERENCES .

https://www.slideshare.net/krishsj3/introduction-to-journalism-24100823

http://www.mediaknite.org/media-forms/ https://www.slideshare.net/RENERI/writing-a-
feature-article-2-33746054
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