GEOGRAPHY MADE BY:-Talha

ASSIGNMENT CLASS:-8A
STRATEGY’S TO REDUCE
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
IN KARACHI
We can do a lot of things to reduce pollution in Karachi, those things include;
I. Improve Waste Management;
II. Promoting Renewable Energy;
III. Green Transportation;
IV. Tree Plantation and Green Spaces;
V. Industrial Regulations and Enforcement;
VI. Awareness and Education;
VII. Water Pollution Control;
VIII. Government Initiatives and Policies; and
IX. Collaboration and Community Engagement.
WHAT DOES IT MEAN?
It means that if we start planting trees, go for electric transportation, recycle, shift to
renewable energy or any thing mention before our environment will get better, and
there will be less pollution.
 A PICTURE SHOWING
CONNECTION BETWEEN
DIFFERENT KINDS OF POLLUTION
IMPACTS OF
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
ON ECONOMY OF THE
COUNTRY
Healthcare Costs: Pollution-related health issues like respiratory problems, skin
diseases, and other illnesses can lead to increased healthcare expenses for the
government and individuals. This strains the healthcare system and affects
productivity.
Reduced Agricultural Output: Pollution can harm crops and soil quality, leading
to lower agricultural yields. This can affect food production, increase food prices,
and impact the income of farmers, thereby affecting the economy.

Impact on Tourism: Pollution can deter tourists from visiting due to environmental
degradation and health concerns. Reduced tourism means less income from tourism-
related businesses, such as hotels, restaurants, and local shops.
Decreased Work Productivity: Health issues caused by pollution can lead to
increased absenteeism and reduced productivity among the workforce. This affects
economic output and growth.
Damage to Infrastructure: Pollution can corrode buildings, bridges, and other
infrastructure, leading to higher maintenance and repair costs for the government and
private sectors.

Cost of Environmental Cleanup: Cleaning up polluted areas, water bodies, and
land requires significant resources and funds, which could otherwise be invested in
other developmental projects.

Impact on Industries: Some industries may face stricter regulations or closures due
to their contribution to pollution. This can lead to job losses and economic
downturns in those sectors.
PLAN FOR SUSTAINABLE
WASTE MANAGEMENT
Step 1: Reduce
Encourage everyone to reduce waste by:
Using reusable items like water bottles, bags, and containers.
Avoiding single-use plastics like straws and disposable cutlery.
Buying products with minimal packaging or opting for eco-friendly packaging.
Step 2: Reuse
Promote the idea of reusing items:
Donate clothes, books, and toys instead of throwing them away.
Use both sides of paper for drawing or taking notes.
Repurpose items like jars or bottles for storing things or creating DIY crafts.
Step 3: Recycle
Educate people on proper recycling:
Set up recycling bins for paper, plastic, glass, and metal at home and in schools.
Learn about what items can be recycled and how to prepare them for recycling.
Support community recycling programs or initiatives.
Step 4: Composting
Teach about composting organic waste:
Create a compost pile or bin for food scraps and yard waste.
Use compost for gardening or donate it to local gardens or farms.
Educate about what materials can be composted and how to maintain a compost pile.
Step 5: Educate and Raise Awareness
Spread awareness to involve more people:
Organize workshops or presentations about the importance of waste management.
Create posters or campaigns to inform others about the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle).
Involve schools, community centers, and local leaders to support waste reduction efforts.
Step 6: Collaborate
Work together for a cleaner environment:
Collaborate with local authorities or waste management companies to improve
recycling infrastructure.
Form clubs or groups focused on environmental conservation and waste reduction.
Encourage teamwork and community participation in clean-up drives or waste
sorting activities.

By following these steps and encouraging others to do the same, we can contribute
to sustainable waste management, reduce environmental pollution, and create a
healthier planet for everyone!
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
oSocial Development: This refers to improvements in the well-being, living
conditions, and quality of life of people in a society. It includes factors like
education, healthcare, access to clean water, housing, and social equality.
oEconomic Development: This involves the growth of a country's economy, which
leads to increased wealth, income, and opportunities for its citizens. It includes
factors like GDP growth, employment rates, infrastructure development, and
technological advancements.
Relationship:
oEducation and Economic Growth: When people are educated, they are more likely to contribute
effectively to the economy. Educated individuals can innovate, work in skilled jobs, and contribute
to economic growth.
oHealthcare and Economic Productivity: A healthy population is more productive. Access to
healthcare ensures that people can work and contribute actively to the economy. Good health also
reduces healthcare costs, freeing up resources for other developmental needs.
oInfrastructure and Economic Opportunities: Development of infrastructure like roads,
transportation, and communication networks creates opportunities for businesses to grow, facilitates
trade, and attracts investments. This leads to economic growth and job creation.
oIncome Equality and Social Stability: Economic development can contribute to reducing poverty
and income inequality. When more people have access to opportunities and resources, it can lead to
a more stable and harmonious society.
oSocial Policies and Economic Impact: Policies supporting education, healthcare, social welfare,
and equality can positively impact economic growth. For instance, investing in education can lead
to a more skilled workforce, boosting productivity and innovation.
oEconomic Growth and Social Services: A growing economy can generate more revenue, which
governments can use to invest in social services like education, healthcare, and infrastructure,
leading to overall social development.
HOW DO COUNTRIES EXPLOIT THEIR
HUMAN RESOURCES FOR SOCIAL AND
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
countries use their human resources for social and economic development in several
ways:
Education and Skill Development: Investing in education equips individuals with
knowledge and skills needed for various jobs. Countries build schools, provide
scholarships, and offer vocational training to enhance the capabilities of their people.
Healthcare Access: Ensuring access to healthcare services keeps the population
healthy and productive. Countries establish hospitals, clinics, and vaccination
programs to maintain the well-being of their citizens.
Job Opportunities: Creating employment opportunities through both public and
private sectors enables people to contribute to the economy. Governments promote
job growth by supporting industries, encouraging entrepreneurship, and providing
training for specialized roles.
Gender Equality and Inclusivity: Encouraging equal opportunities for all genders
and inclusivity in the workforce allows countries to utilize the talents and skills of
their entire population, leading to overall development.
Investment in Technology and Innovation: Encouraging innovation and
technology adoption enhances productivity. Countries fund research and
development, create innovation hubs, and offer incentives for technological
advancements.
Supporting Entrepreneurship: Providing support for entrepreneurs and small
businesses fosters economic growth. This includes access to funding, mentorship
programs, and creating a conducive environment for startups to thrive.
Infrastructure Development: Building roads, bridges, transportation systems, and
communication networks creates jobs and facilitates economic activities, making it
easier for people to access opportunities.
Social Safety Nets: Implementing social welfare programs such as unemployment
benefits, healthcare coverage, and social security ensures that individuals have a
safety net, enabling them to contribute to society without fear of extreme poverty.
By focusing on these areas and investing in the development and well-being of
their human resources, countries can harness the potential of their people for both
social progress and economic growth.
COMPARISON OF PAKISTAN’S ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS WITH EDI’S
OF CHINA, INDIA AND AMERICA
GDP (Gross Domestic Product):
Pakistan: The GDP of Pakistan is lower compared to China, India, and the United
States.
China and the United States: China has a higher GDP than both India and Pakistan,
while the United States has the highest GDP among these countries.
India: India's GDP is higher than Pakistan's but lower than that of China and the
United States.
GDP Growth Rate:
Pakistan: The GDP growth rate in Pakistan has varied over the years but generally
has been moderate compared to China and India.
China and India: China and India have experienced higher GDP growth rates
compared to Pakistan, with China having sustained rapid growth for several decades.
United States: The growth rate in the United States is comparatively lower than
China and India but stable.
Per Capita Income:
Pakistan: The per capita income in Pakistan is lower compared to China, India, and
the United States.
China and the United States: China's per capita income is higher than Pakistan's but
lower than that of the United States.
India: India's per capita income is higher than Pakistan's but still relatively lower
compared to China and the United States.
Trade and Exports:
Pakistan: Pakistan's exports are lower compared to China, India, and the United
States.
China: China has a high volume of exports, making it one of the world's leading
exporters.
United States: The United States is also a major exporter, with a diverse range of
goods and services.
India: India's exports are higher than Pakistan's but still lower than China and the
United States.
These comparisons show differences in economic size, growth rates, income levels,
and trade among these countries. While Pakistan has made progress, especially in
recent years, it generally lags behind China, India, and the United States in terms of
economic development indicators.
COMPARISON OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
INDICATORS OF PAKISTAN WITH HDI’S OF
CHINA, INDIA & AMERICA
let's compare some basic human development indicators for Pakistan with those of
China, India, and the United States
Life Expectancy:
•Pakistan: The life expectancy in Pakistan is lower compared to China, India, and the
United States.
•China and the United States: Both China and the United States have higher life
expectancies than Pakistan.
•India: India's life expectancy is higher than Pakistan's but lower than China and the
United States.
Education (Literacy Rate):
Pakistan: The literacy rate in Pakistan is lower compared to China, India, and the
United States.
China and the United States: Both China and the United States have higher literacy
rates than Pakistan.
India: India's literacy rate is higher than Pakistan's but still lower compared to China
and the United States.
Access to Healthcare:
 Pakistan: Access to quality healthcare in Pakistan is relatively limited compared to
China, India, and the United States.
 China and the United States: Both China and the United States have better
healthcare systems and access to medical facilities compared to Pakistan.
 India: India's healthcare system is relatively better than Pakistan's but still faces
challenges in providing universal access.
Gender Equality:
 Pakistan: Gender equality in Pakistan faces challenges in terms of access to
education and workforce participation for women.
 China and the United States: Both China and the United States have made strides in
improving gender equality compared to Pakistan.
 India: India faces gender equality challenges similar to Pakistan but has made
progress in some areas.
These comparisons highlight differences in life expectancy, education, healthcare,
income distribution, and gender equality among these countries. Pakistan, while
making progress in various aspects of human development, generally lags behind
China, India, and the United States in these indicators.