A Review on

SCHOOL NATURE OF JUSTIFICATION OBJECTIVES OF EDUCATIVE NATURE OF NATURE OF METHODS

EDUCATION OF SCHOOL EDUCATION PROCESS PUPIL TEACHER

NATURALISM Education is Overlong infancy Complete living is Eight principles Regards the pupil Guide to the Nature study
natural necessity of man’s needs the general Aim of govern the from the physical natural object study Filed
Harmony with guidance of school Education educative process side development trip Inductive
nature Natural Developmental
method

IDEALISM Human Culture School as cultural Self-realization for Ideal-Center the A self is a spiritual A model Exemplar Socratic method
thru God educates and spiritual the individual and ideal is God being to be of virtues and ideal Discussion lecture
man institution brotherhood for handled with care living Project method
society

REALISM Education is The school is the The good life, good Transmission An organism with Knowledgeable Drill Memorization
formation true forgoing place society good conditioning highly developed authoritative Activity method
education is basic of men individual formation of brain rational master of subject problem solving
need and right desirable habits matter audio-visual

PRAGMATISM Education is Complexity of More education Education is never Concrete and Complex role Project discussion
transaction society learning of social efficiency static experimental unique centers of consultant leader excursion
interaction language selective reasons instruction method is the experience facilitator director laboratory
discovery of experience process experimental
 Comes from the Greek words: philo means
love, sophia means wisdom
 An usually stubborn attempt to think clearly
 A world view, a doctrine of values, meanings
and purpose of human life
 The endeavor to achieve a comprehensive
view of life and its meaning
 A generalized theory of education
 METHAPHYSICS
•Systematic analysis of the question of
ultimate reality
•Fundamental existence of reality
•Developed during the Middle Age

EPISTEMOLOGY LOGIC
•Has to do with effective •Focuses on the
approaches to teaching
and learning AREAS OF formal structure of
•Recognizes importance of truth and
education PHILOSOPHY argument

AXIOLOGY
•Sets values desirable to live by, anytime,
or place
•Divided ethics: into moral and aesthetic
•Subjects as GMRC and Values Education
Western Philosophies

Eastern Philosophies
 1. Classical / Traditional Schools of Thought

IDEALISM
 1. Classical / Traditional Schools of Thought

REALISM
 1. Classical / Traditional Schools of Thought
PRAGMATISM / EXPERIMENTALISM
 2. Contemporary Schools of Thought

PERRENNIALISM
 2. Contemporary Schools of Thought

PROGRESSIVISM
 2. Contemporary Schools of Thought
ESSENTIALISM
 2. Contemporary Schools of Thought

EXISTENTIALISM
 2. Contemporary Schools of Thought

RECONSTRUCTIONISM
A Review on

Prof. Jordan Joseph G. Villanueva

Review Master
 Study of patterns of human behavior
 Science of man and society
 Synonymous to (social) anthropology as both
study the interrelationship of man to his
environment
 Study of groups and societies and how they
effect the people
 Study of people and participants as creators
of society
 A unit of interacting personalities with roles
and status among members
 A unit of interacting personalities with an
interdependent or roles and status existing
between or among the members (Cole)
 A number of people who at a given time,
interrelate and interact with one another with
common shared attitudes, sentiments,
aspirations, and goals
 Secondary
Primary or Other
or
Gesellshaft Groups
Gemiellshaft

•Intimate, personal or •In-group

face-to-face •Out-group-
•Impersonal business
relationship avoidance and dislike
like
e.g. group
e.g. •“We feeling” or sense
1.family, parents, and
1.Seller and costumer;
siblings of belongingness
driver and passenger; •Peer groups/ play
2.Neighborhood
sales representative
group group/ gang clique
and pharmacist •Reference group-a
3.School classmates
4.teachers symbol reference or
anchor for an
individual
•Voluntary association
 The main function of society
 The process of entering the human group, of
being included into the secrets of society
 Process of internalizing the norms or
standards of the group among a group
 Leads to assigning of social status
Refers to the position
assigned by a person in
a group or organization
 ASCRIBED STATUS

Acquired at birth e.g., family name,

profession, place of residence

 ACHIEVED STATUS

Realized through hard work, talent, skill,

etc., from rags to riches
Refers to the classification of group
members according to certain criteria
which may differ according to the
nature of the group
 FAMILY
• Basic unit for PEERS
learning • most influential
•Gives first lessons and popular
on values, attitudes, learning
habits etc. SOCIETY institution
•Biggest and most organized
group managed by a selected
set of officers and wit
constitution and by laws to
follow

CHURCH SCHOOL
•Strongly influences the •Provides experiences which
behavior and decision of any other social institutions,
individual or group. give and facilitates the
•Builds the spiritual aspects enculturation and
of a person acculturation process
• Serves as an agent of social change
•Hastens acculturation
•Provides training of the mind
•Accelerate adjustment to society functions in a partnership role with
the community
•Teaches social awareness and accountability
•Serves as a multipurpose institution
•Develops problem solving and critical thinking
•Educating the citizens
•Promotes modernization
•Serves as an agent of specialization
•Serves as an agent of socialization
•Promotes enculturation and cultural perpetuation
•Teaches the basics
• The sum total of what man has learned in living together
•Shared products of human learning
•A complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, act, law, morals,
customs, and other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a
member of society
•A social heritage, transmitted from one generation to another and
shared
•Can be seen as a standard for deciding what is, standard for deciding
what can be and how one feels about it and how to go about doing it.
•A fabric of ideas, tasks, skills, beliefs, tools, aesthetic objects, methods
of thinking, customs, and institutions into which each member of
society is born
•A particular stage of civilization of nation or period, such as Greek
culture, sum total of ways of living, built up by a group of human beings
and transmitted from one generation
•organized •borrowed

•universal •continous

•varied •Historical
phenomenon
•Product of human
creativity •symbolic

•adaptive •learned

•relative •transferable

•Stable yet dynamic

ENCULTURATIO ACCULTURATIO
N N
• process of learning culture
• process of learning the
of one’s own group
culture of other people

Family values Schooling

Folkways and mores Travelling

Social traditions Interaction

Attitudes and habits Reading

Values and beliefs TV/film viewing