CLIENTELE OF

SOCIAL WORK
 CLIENTELE OF SOCIAL WORK

SOCIAL WORK IS A PROFESSION IS

CONCERNED WITH HELPING
INDIVIDUALS, FAMILIES, GROUPS,
AND COMMUNITIES TO ENHANCE
THEIR INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE
 WORKING WITH INDIVIDUALS
IS THE PRINCIPAL CLIENT AND EFFORTS OF
HELPING ARE FOCUSED ON HER/HIM. DE
GUZMAN (1992) EXPLAINS THAT THE PERSON’S
INABILITY TO MANAGE STRESS WHICH MAY
HAVE BEEN A RESULT OF A DISTRESSFUL
SITUATION OR PROBLEM CAUSED HER/HIM OR
THOSE CONCERNED WITH HER/HIM TO SEEK
THE SOCIAL WORKER . THEN
NEEDS TO ACQUIRE BASIC
KNOWLEDGE OF HUMAN
BEHAVIOR, OF STRESS AND THE
HUMAN BEINGS’ RESPONSE TO IT
FOR HER/HIM TO UNDERSTAND
THE SITUATION OF THE CLIENT
• FLIGHT – THIS IS MANIFESTED
WHEN THE PERSON PHYSICALLY
MOVES AWAY FROM THE PROBLEM
LIKE RESORTING TO
DRUGS, ALCOHOL OR SUBSTANCES
THAT WILL MAKE ONE FORGET THE
CURRENT STRESSFUL SITUATION.
• FIGHT – MEANS PHYSICAL OR
VERBAL PROJECTION OF ANGRY
FEELINGS ON OTHERS
ESPECIALLY WHEN
ENCOUNTERING DIFFICULT
CIRCUMSTANCES, FRUSTRATION,
• PAIRING – IT ENTAILS THE ENTRY
INTO A RELATIONSHIP WITH
ANOTHER PERSON WHO IS
PERCEIVED TO BE STRONGER,
STABLE, OR WHO HAS THE
CAPACITY TO PROVIDE HELP OVER
CLIENTS WHO MAY NEED THE SOCIAL WORKER
OR THE AGENCY’S HELP THROUGH CASEWORK.

1. CHILDREN WHO ARE EITHER

ABANDONED, NEGLECTED,
ORPHANED, ABUSED, OR EXPLOITED.
2. CHILDREN IN CONFLICT WITH THE
LAW, STREET CHILDREN, CHILDREN
3. OUT – OF- SCHOOL YOUTH.
4. SOCIALLY DISADVANTAGED
WOMEN;
5. SOLO PARENTS;
6. PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES,
PHYSICALLY, AND MENTALLY
CHALLENGED INDIVIDUALS;
8. INDIGENOUS PEOPLES;
9. INTERNALLY DISPLACE
PERSONS;
10. SURVIVORS OF NATURAL
CALAMITIES AND DISASTERS,
 TYPES OF CLIENTS
1. VOLUNTARY CLIENTS – ARE THOSE PERSONS
WHO OPTED TO VOLUNTARILY SEEK THE
ASSISTANCE OF THE WORKER OR THE SERVICES
OF THE AGENCY DUE TO A PROBLEM OR A
DIFFICULTY WHICH S/HE THINKS S/HE CANNOT
DO ANYTHING BY HER/HIMSELF. SOMETIMES
REFERRED TO AS WALK- IN CLIENTS.
2. INVOLUNTARY CLIENTS – ARE
THOSE INDIVIDUALS IN NEED WHO
MAY NOT EVEN CONSIDER ASKING FOR
HELP BECAUSE THEY THINK THAT THEY
ARE DOING FINE AND WILL SURVIVE
SOMEHOW OR THEY ARE UNAWARE OF
THE AGENCIES THAT CAN PROVIDE
WITH THEM SOME ASSISTANCE.
3. PERSONS WHO ARE BEING ASSISTED
BY ANOTHER PERSON, GROUP/
ORGANIZATIONS OR COMMUNITY
LEADERS/ WORKERS WHO ARE
CONCERNED ABOUT THE CLIENT’S
SITUATION. THEY ARE ALSO CALLED
REFERRED CLIENTS.
 FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT THE HELPING
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A CLIENT AND
THE WORKER

1. TRANSFERENCE – THE CLIENT’S REACTIONS

AND DISPLACEMENT ON THE WORKER OF THE
PARTICULAR FEELINGS AND ATTITUDES SHE/HE
MAY HAVE EXPERIENCED EARLIER IN LIFE IN
RELATIONSHIP WITH THE MEMBERS OF HER/HIS
FAMILY SUCH AS THE FATHER/MOTHER OR
SIGNIFICANT OTHER.
2. COUNTER – TRANSFERENCE – ARE
THE WORKER’S RELATIONSHIP
REACTIONS THAT S/HE MAY PROJECT
ON THE CLIENT AND USUALLY IT IS
THE WORKER WHO TRANSFERS
PREVIOUSLY EXPERIENCED FEELINGS
ON THE CLIENT.
3. REALITY – IS THE REALISTIC
AND OBJECTIVE PERCEPTION
OF EXISTING CONDITION OR
SITUATION. IT IS THE STATE OF
WHAT IS ACTUAL, WHAT IS, AND
WHAT IS TRUE.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS THAT GOVERN THE CLIENT-
WORKER RELATIONSHIP THAT WERE PUT TOGETHER
BY BIESTEK (1957) AS CITED BY DE GUZMAN (1992)

1. ACCEPTANCE – THE WORKER’S

RECOGNITION OF THE INDIVIDUAL’S
WORTH AS HUMAN BEING IMBUED
WITH INHERENT WORTH AND DIGNITY.
2. NONJUDGMENTAL ATTITUDE –
THIS MEANS WITHOUT LABELING,
NO STEREOTYPING AND NON
CONDEMNATORY ACT THAT
REFRAINS FROM ASSIGNING
BLAME, GUILT, OR FAILURE TO
THE CLIENT.
3. INDIVIDUALIZATION –
THIS CHARACTERIZES THAT
EVERY INDIVIDUAL IS
UNIQUE AND POSSESSES
CERTAIN TRAITS OR
ATTRIBUTES SPECIFIC ONLY
4. EXPRESSION OF FEELINGS – REFERS
TO THE WORKER’S ALLOWING AND
FACILITATING THE CLIENT’S
PURPOSEFUL EXPRESSION OF FEELINGS.
THIS MEANS THE FREE SHARING WITH A
SYMPATHETIC WORKER OF HER/HIS
THOUGHTS AND FEELINGS EVEN THE
NEGATIVE ONES.
5. CONTROLLED EMOTIONAL
INVOLVEMENT – REFERS TO THE
WORKER’S WAY OF RESPONDING TO
THE CLIENT’S PURPOSEFUL
EXPRESSION OF FEELINGS. IT MUST
INVOLVE SENSITIVITY,
UNDERSTANDING, AND RESPONDING.
6. CONFIDENTIALITY – REFERS
TO THE PRESERVATION OF SECRET
INFORMATION CONCERNING THE
CLIENT WHICH IS DISCLOSED IN
THE PROFESSIONAL
RELATIONSHIP.
7. SELF-DETERMINATION – IT IS
DERIVATIVE OF THE BELIEF IN THE
INHERENT WORTH AND DIGNITY
OF A PERSON- THAT S/HE IS
ENDOWED WITH A REASON AND A
FREE WILL AND IS CAPABLE OF
MAKING HER/HIS CHOICES.
 WORKING WITH GROUPS AND
ORGANIZATIONS

SOCIAL GROUP WORK AS A PROCESS

AND METHOD IS ROOTED ON THE
SOCIOLOGICAL CONCEPT THAT A
PERSON IS A SOCIAL BEING WHO HAS
THE INCLINATION AND NEED TO
ASSOCIATE WITH OTHER HUMAN
AS A TARGET FOR CHANGE, MEMBERS
IN A GROUP ARE CLIENTS OF AN
AGENCY WHO HAVE COMMON
PROBLEMS, NEEDS, AND CONCERNS
THAT MATCH THE AGENCY’S OR
WORKER’S GROUP SERVICE
ORIENTATION.
 THE PURPOSES OF SOCIAL GROUP
WORK INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING

1. TO ENHANCE THE SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT

OF THE INDIVIDUAL AND DEVELOPING
THE SOCIAL CONSCIOUSNESS;
2. TO PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES FOR
PLANNED GROUP EXPERIENCES THAT ARE
NEEDED BY ALL PEOPLE;
3. TO PROVIDE EXPERIENCES THAT
ARE RELAXING AND THAT GIVE
INDIVIDUALS A CHANCE TO CREATE,
TO SHARE AND EXPRESS
THEMSELVES.
4. TO HELP INDIVIDUALS IN GROUPS
TO TAKE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THEIR
SPECIFIC GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE
DIFFERENT TYPES OF GROUPS (MICLAT,
1995)

GROWTH GROUP – THE DOMINANT GOAL IS

THE PERSONAL GROWTH OF THE PARTICIPANTS
IN GROUP AT ALL LEVELS IN THEIR
EMOTIONAL, INTERPERSONAL, INTELLECTUAL,
AND SPIRITUAL PHASE OF THEIR LIFE.
2. TREATMENT GROUP – THE GOAL IS TO
HELP SOLVE THE INDIVIDUAL’S PROBLEMS IN
SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT, UNCOVER DEEP-
SEATED CONFLICTS, HOSTILITIES AND
DEPRESSION, MODIFY /SUBLIMATE
ANTISOCIAL/ ABERRANT
BEHAVIORS/ATTITUDES, AND POSITIVIZE
NEGATIVE SOCIAL AND CULTURAL VALUES.
3. SOCIAL GROUP – THE GOAL IS TO PROVIDE
OPPORTUNITIES FOR SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS
TO THE LONELY, THE FRIENDLESS, AND THOSE
WHO HAVE PROBLEMS IN RELATING WITH
OTHER PERSONS. THIS GROUP AIMS TO: (A)
FORM A FRIENDLESS, AND THOSE WHO HAVE
PROBLEMS IN RELATING WITH OTHER
PERSONS.
4. INTEREST GROUP – THE GOAL IS TO
PRIMARILY ANSWER THE UNMET
INTERESTS/NEEDS OF THE GROUP
MEMBERS THROUGH APPROPRIATE
PROGRAM OF ACTIVITIES AND
SERVICES TO THE AGENCY AS WELL AS
THE COMMUNITY.
5. PLAY/RECREATION GROUP- THE
GOAL IS TO PROVIDE PLEASURABLE
ACTIVITIES THROUGH GAMES, DANCES,
SONGS, /MUSIC, DRAMATICS, AND OTHER
LEISURE-TIME ACTIVITIES AS MEDIUM
FOR MEETING THE INDIVIDUAL’S
LEISURE AND RECREATIONAL NEEDS
THAT WOULD ALSO REDOUND TO THEIR
 WORKING WITH COMMUNITIES

ARLENE JOHNSON AS CITED IN

MICLAT (N.D.) DEFINED COMMUNITY
AS A GROUP OF PEOPLE GATHERED
TOGETHER IN A GEOGRAPHIC AREA,
LARGE OR SMALL, WHO HAVE
THE TWO CONCEPTS OF A COMMUNITY
WERE DEVELOPED BY ROLAND
WARREN. AS A SOCIAL SYSTEM, THE
COMMUNITY MAY BE EITHER
GEOGRAPHIC OR FUNCTIONAL IN
NATURE. OR POTENTIALLY RECOGNIZED
IN THE SOCIAL WELFARE FIELD.
 THE FOLLOWING ARE THE FOCUS OF
COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION

I. REMOVAL OF BLOCKS TO GROWTH

II. THE RELEASE OF POTENTIALITIES IN THE
INDIVIDUAL, GROUP AND COMMUNITIES AS A WHOLE.
III. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CAPACITY OF
INDIGENOUS LEADERS TO LEAD, TO MANAGE, AND
FUNCTION IN THEIR ASSIGNED SOCIAL ROLES IN THE
COMMUNITY
IV. DEVELOPING THE ABILITY OF DIFFERENT
SECTORS IN THE COMMUNITY TO FUNCTION
AS AN INTEGRATED WHOLE
V. STRENGTHENING PEOPLE’S CAPACITY FOR
PROBLEM-SOLVING, DECISION-MAKING, AND
COOPERATION.
VI. THE FULL USE OF INNER/INDIGENOUS
RESOURCES BEFORE TAPPING EXTERNAL
RESOURCES.
 THE PURPOSE OF COMMUNITY
ORGANIZATION INCLUDES THE
FOLLOWING

1. TO SOLVE CERTAIN PROBLEMS AND MEET

NEEDS
2. TO ACHIEVE SELECTED SOCIAL GOALS
3. TO STRENGTHEN THE PEOPLE’S CAPACITY
IN DEALING WITH THEIR PROBLEMS, NEEDS,
 SOCIAL WORK PROCESSES

A. STUDY – THE FACTS WHICH

CONSTITUTE AND BEAR UPON THE
PROBLEM MUST BE ASCERTAINED
AND GRASPED
B. DIAGNOSIS – THE FACTS MUST
BE THOUGHT ABOUT I.E., TURNED
OVER, PROBED INTO, AND
ORGANIZED IN THE MIND,
EXAMINED IN THEIR
RELATIONSHIPS TO ONE ANOTHER,
AND SEARCHED FOR THEIR
C. TREATMENT – SOME CHOICE OR
DECISION MUST BE MADE AS AN
END RESULT OF THE
CONSIDERATION OF THE
PARTICULAR FACTS WITH THE
INTENTION OF RESOLVING THE
PROBLEM.
 FIVE BASIC STEPS IN SOCIAL WORK
PROCESSES BY MENDOZA

1. ASSESSMENT – A PROCESS AND A

PRODUCT OF UNDERSTANDING ON
WHICH ACTION IS BASED.
2.PLANNING – IS THE LINK BETWEEN
ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTION AND
ITS PROCESS TRANSLATES THE
CONTENT OF ASSESSMENT INTO A GOAL
STATEMENT THAT DESCRIBES THE
DESIRED RESULTS AND IS CONCERNED
WITH IDENTIFYING THE MEANS TO
REACH THE GOALS.
3. INTERVENTION – IS THE
ACTION, PLAN IMPLEMENTATION,
AND TREATMENT. IT IS
CONCERNED WITH THE ACTION
THAT WOULD SOLVE THE
CLIENT’S PROBLEM.
4. EVALUATION – IS DEFINED AS
THE COLLECTION OF DATA ABOUT
OUTCOMES OF THE PROGRAM OF
ACTION RELATIVE TO GOALS AND
OBJECTIVES SET IN ADVANCE OF
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
PROGRAM.
5. TERMINATION – THE HELPING
PROCESS HAS A TIME LIMIT
THEREFORE A SOCIAL WORKER IS
EXPECTED TO DISCUSS WITH THE
CLIENT THE EXPECTED DURATION
OF THE HELPING RELATIONSHIP.
 METHODS OF SOCIAL WORK

1. SOCIAL CASEWORK – IS A HELPING PROCESS

THAT CONSISTS OF A VARIETY OF ACTIVITIES THAT
MAY INCLUDE THE GIVING OF MATERIAL
ASSISTANCE, REFERRALS TO OTHER COMMUNITY
FACILITIES, RENDERING EMOTIONAL AND
PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT THROUGH SENSITIVE
LISTENING, EXPRESSIONS, OF ACCEPTANCE AND
2. SOCIAL GROUP WORK – IS A PROCESS
AND METHOD THROUGH WHICH GROUP
LIFE IS AFFECTED BY A WORKER WHO
CONSCIOUSLY GUIDES THE INTERACTION
PROCESS TOWARD THE ACCOMPLISHMENT
OF GOALS WHICH ARE CONCEIVED IN A
DEMOCRATIC FRAME OF REFERENCE.
3. COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION – IS
A PROCESS BY WHICH COMMUNITY
IDENTIFIES ITS NEEDS OR
OBJECTIVES; FINDS THE INTERNAL OR
EXTERNAL RESOURCES TO DEAL
WITH THOSE NEEDS OR OBJECTIVES,
AND TAKE ACTIONS IN RESPECT TO
4. SOCIAL ACTION/SOCIAL REFORM –
IS AN ORGANIZED EFFORT WITH THE
AIM OF SECURING SOCIAL PROGRESS
AND SOLVING MASS SOCIAL PROBLEMS
BY INFLUENCING LEGISLATION OR THE
ADMINISTRATION OF SOCIAL SERVICES.
5. SOCIAL WELFARE
ADMINISTRATION – IS THE
ADMINISTRATION OF PUBLIC AND
PRIVATE SOCIAL AGENCIES
DESIGNED AND ORGANIZED TO
ACHIEVE THE FULL EFFECT OF
THE SERVICES FOR WHICH THEY