MECHANISMS

OF EVOLUTION
 REVIEW
IS THE STATEMENT CORRECT OR INCORRECT?
CLOSE BOTH EYES FOR YES, WINK AN EYE FOR NO.
READ ALOUD ALTOGETHER AND ANSWER RIGHT AWAY.
1. All members of a population develop new
traits at the same time.
2. “Fitness” refers to the strength, size, or
speed of an individual
3. Individuals can evolve. “Adaptation” means
adjustment within an individual’s lifetime
4. Evolution is slow and gradual.
5. Evolution does not occur in individuals,
only in populations.
 LEARNING
COMPETENCY
Explain the mechanisms that produce change in populations
from generation to generation (e.g. artificial selection
natural selection, gene flow or migration, genetic drif
(bottleneck or founder effect), non-random mating, mutation
and recombination). (STEM_BIO11/12 -IIIc-g-9)

MECHANISMS OF EVOLUTION
 LEARNING
OBJECTIVES:
 define important terms pertaining to evolution;
 explain how the mechanism control genetic
variation;
 present observable and experimental data to prove
the mechanism; and
 perform a simple activity to test a hypothesis on
mechanism of evolution.

MECHANISMS OF EVOLUTION
 MIND LOUD!
In the Timaeus, the Greek philosopher Plato
claimed that every organism was an example
of a perfect essence, or type, created by God,
and that these types were unchanging.
How will you explain his claim?
Do you also think that way?
What is your Point of View (POV
in this?
 Forced to respond to a climate
that’s changing faster than it e
has, it remains unclear wheth
species’ adaptations can keep
pace.

At the South African nature preserve where

Miya Warrington and colleagues study Cape ground
squirrels (Xerus inauris), the maximum daily temperature
has increased by about 2.5 °C in just 18 years. The anim
have evolved a quiver of tactics to tolerate the region’s
sweltering heat, says Warrington, a conservation ecologis
at the University of Manitoba.
 Cape ground squirrels
(Xerus inauris) already
have large feet, but
they may be growing to
help the mammals
dissipate heat as the
ABOVE: Cape ground squirrels climate warms.
(Xerus inauris) protect
themselves from the heat in
various ways, including
splooting: sprawling flat on the
ground to shed heat from their
undersides.
 BIOLOGY WORDS
E_O_ _TI __
A change in the allele frequency causing
change in heritable characteristics of
biological populations over successive
generations.
BIOLOGY WORDS
EVOL UTI O
N
A change in the allele frequency causing
change in heritable characteristics of
biological populations over successive
generations
BIOLOGY WORDS
A_AP_AT_O_
a modification of an organism o
its parts that makes it more fit
for existence
BIOLOGY WORDS
ADAPTATION
a modification of an organism o
its parts that makes it more fit
for existence
BIOLOGY WORDS
_PE_ CI __
a group of individual organisms
that interbreed and produce
fertile, viable offspring
BIOLOGY WORDS
SPECIES
a group of individual organisms
that interbreed and produce
fertile, viable offspring
BIOLOGY WORDS
P_P_LA__O_
a community of animals, plants, or
humans among whose members
interbreeding occurs
BIOLOGY WORDS
POPULATION
a community of animals, plants, or
humans among whose members
interbreeding occurs
BIOLOGY WORDS
G_N_ P__L
the set of all genes, or genetic
information, in any population,
usually of a particular species
BIOLOGY WORDS
GENE POOL
the set of all genes, or genetic
information, in any population,
usually of a particular species
 GROUP ACTIVITY:
EXPLORING EVOLUTIONARY
MECHANISMS WITH STICKY NOTES
Instructions:
FORM ONE GROUP PER ROW
WORKSHEETS WILL BE PROVIDED PER
GROUP
ANSWER IN ONE SHEET OF PAPER
MECHANISMS OF EVOLUTION
Artificial Selection

Natural Selection

Gene Flow or Migration

Genetic Drift (Bottleneck or Founder Effect)

Non-random Mating

Mutation

Recombination
GROUP PRESENTATION-3 minutes
1. Explain how each mechanism
produce change in populations
from generation to generation .

2. How does this mechanism control

genetic variation? Does this
mechanism act to increase genetic
variation or operate to decrease
genetic variation?

3. What are the observational

and experimental data to prove
this mechanism?
PICTURE ANALYSIS.

HOW DOES
NATURAL
SELECTION DRIVE
EVOLUTION?
PLANTS
 ANIMALS
From predator wolves to pet dogs
HUMAN
 HUMAN

What may be the cause of this evolution?

 ASSIGNMENT : ONE
SHEET OF PAPER
Write a 100-word essay
explaining how understanding
evolution is important to medicine,
agriculture and in maintaining the
diversity of organisms on earth.
ESSAY RUBRICS
 ENT
ANSWER IN ¼ SHEET
IDENTIFY THE MECHANISM DEPICTED
IN EACH SCENARIO:
1. The Sierra Madre Steere's Pitta birds
with yellow colors seek out one another to
make babies together and tend to avoid the
green Steere's Pitta birds.
2. During meiosis (sperm formation), a
developing male pig had a change in his
DNA that resulted in his coat becoming
spotted.
3. Five hundred years after deer had
established a flourishing population in a
national park, some of them venture back to
their original woods and mate and have
4. 7 pangolins were taken from Palawan after a
rancher purchased them and provided them
with their own pasture. Those 7 pangolins
eventually reproduced to have 122 offspring.
5. Bats are common in the Philippines,
especially in rocky regions. Bats with longer
hang claws have demonstrated higher fitness
because of their ability to cling to rock while
resting.
6. A few deer wander out of their native
woods into a completely new park
where no deer had ever been before.
They go on to create an entirely new
population.
7. Farmers derived broccoli,
cauliflower, and cabbage from the wild
8. Two track stars fell in love and after marriage
had 5 children that became record-setting
athletes.
9. Logan was born with unique abilities for quick
healing and awesome claws that stick out of his
fingers.
10. There was once a large population of
cheetah, but about 12,000 years ago most of the
cheetahs were killed off because of human
activity and only a few survived.
 TASK:
Design a board game that teaches about the
mechanisms of evolution through different scenarios and
challenges.
Submit handwritten in 1 sheet of paper.
RUBRICS:
CONCEPT ACCURACY – 5 points
REPRODUCIBILITY – 5 points
ENGAGING AND CHALLENGING ACTIVITY – 5 points
FOSTERS COLLABORATION AND SPORTSMANSHIP
– 5 points
 THANK YOU
FOR YOUR
ACTIVE
PARTICIPATION

VERLINDA M. GERMAN