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    Krisztián Kovács
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    Ancient Greek colonization occurred for several reasons: a lack of land in Greece led landowners to take smallholders' property, and population growth necessitated expansion. Greeks colonized to the north, west, and south. This spread Greek culture and created wealthy elites while improving trade and navigation between colonies and mother cities. Politically, colonization increased the power of the common people, or demos, who gained military and economic strength but lacked political rights. Reforms attempted to address the demos's growing demands for land, security, debt relief, and political participation through written laws and new governmental systems.

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    Ancient Greek colonization occurred for several reasons: a lack of land in Greece led landowners to take smallholders' property, and population growth necessitated expansion. Greeks colonized to the north, west, and south. This spread Greek culture and created wealthy elites while improving trade and navigation between colonies and mother cities. Politically, colonization increased the power of the common people, or demos, who gained military and economic strength but lacked political rights. Reforms attempted to address the demos's growing demands for land, security, debt relief, and political participation through written laws and new governmental systems.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    5 views15 pages

    Ancient Greece

    Uploaded by

    Krisztián Kovács
    Ancient Greek colonization occurred for several reasons: a lack of land in Greece led landowners to take smallholders' property, and population growth necessitated expansion. Greeks colonized to the north, west, and south. This spread Greek culture and created wealthy elites while improving trade and navigation between colonies and mother cities. Politically, colonization increased the power of the common people, or demos, who gained military and economic strength but lacked political rights. Reforms attempted to address the demos's growing demands for land, security, debt relief, and political participation through written laws and new governmental systems.

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    of 15

    Ancient Greece

    Greek colonization
    Background:
    • Lack of land  people had to find ones
    • landowners took smallholders’ land
    • Population growth
    • Directions: page 47
    • North-East
    • West
    • South
    Economic effects of colonization:
    • Spread of Greek culture
    • Created wealthy elite within the demos (traders, merchants, peasants,
    craftsmen)
    • Trade between colonies and mother cities  navigation improved
    • Cheap grain  specialization in other goods
    Political and social effects of colonization
    • Two social layers:
    • Aristocracy: biggest landowners; richest families  political rights
    • Demos: common people of the polis (traders, peasants); had no political
    rights;
    • Frustrated by lack of access to political power that was reserved for landowners
    Changes in the demos:
    • Wealth increased
    • Threat of debt slavery and impoverishment
    • Changes in the military  bigger armies
    • Phalanx
    • Importance of naval warfare
    New political aims of the demos:
    • To claim political rights
    • landless peasantry  land and security of property
    • No debt slavery + written laws

    • Sometimes entire city governments overthrown by individuals  


    Tyranny (one-man rule)
    The struggle of the Demos in Athens

    Athens:
    • State form: aristocratic republic
    • Demos gained militaristic and economic power with the colonization
    process  claimed political rights

    • Draco’s law code:


    • Laws were written and harsh
    • Protected private property
    • Corporal punishment for minor crimes
    Reforms of Solon
    • Seisakhteia
    • All citizens could attend the Assembly (népgyűlés)
    • Court of citizens: even the poor could be part of it  citizens were
    responsible for justice
    • Wider layers could participate in politics

    Solon made wealth as basis of political rights instead of lineage


    Reforms of Cleisthenes
    • Classified citizens on a territorial basis
    • Attica consisted of three parts (coast, city, mainland)
    • All three main parts were divided into 10 parts each
    • One coast + one city + one mainland area = one phyle  10 phyles in total
    • Phyle: voting districts; operated as political units as well
    • Ecclesia (assembly): legislative power
    • Magistrates: state officers; chosen by lot
    • Ostracism (cserépszavazás): voting against possible tyrants
    • Also good to exile political opponents
    • Boule (Council of the 500)
    • Main decision-making institution when the ecclesia is not in session
    • 50 members per phyle by lot
    • Strategoi (generals)
    • Strategos: egyesszám
    • Executive power
    • Ten generals for one year
    • Could be re-elected (only such office)
    • First strategos: actual head of the state
    • Judicial power: Heliaia
    • 6000 members by lot
    • https://youtu.be/WedmHimZ63A?t=5977

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