Zewail City UST 2023

Introduction to Machine Learning

ENG: Ibrahim Baza
DATA
• Basically, all learning training validation process of machine learning is based upon data so what is data and
how do we store it?
• Data is basically any information can be stored on the computers as ones and zeroes, these ones and zeros is
oriented and structured in a certain manner to form a data type that we can manage.
• Data we mostly like to deal with in machine learning is structured in what we call a table structure.
• Table structure is a set of rows and columns that each orientation carries a meaning of its own.
Data Pre-Processing
• This is the phase that differs data scientists from each other.

• Pre-processing is about gaining insights about data and select a model that is thought to best fit our data.
Feature
Engineering
Feature engineering or feature
extraction or feature discovery is the
process of using domain knowledge
to extract features from raw data.
DATA cleaning & visualization
• The process of fixing or removing incorrect, corrupted, incorrectly formatted, duplicate, or incomplete data
within a dataset.

• Visualization: the representation of data through use of common graphics, such as charts, plots, infographics,
and even animations. These visual displays of information communicate complex data relationships and data-
driven insights in a way that is easy to understand.

• Prepare the data columns to be inserted in the model.

DATA Transformation
• Data Transformation: the process of converting data from one format, such as a database file, XML document
or Excel spreadsheet, into another.

• This definition can extend to data inside the files, transform data from string or char to number
representation, this method can be later known as encoding.
Feature Selection
• In machine learning and statistics, feature selection,
also known as variable selection, attribute selection
or variable subset selection, is the process of
selecting a subset of relevant features for use in
model construction.
Model Accuracy & Precision
• Model Accuracy: an evaluation metric that measures the number of correct predictions made by a model in
relation to the total number of predictions made.
Model accuracy is proportional to the amount of data the model train on.
• Precision: the quality of a positive prediction made by the model. Precision refers to the number of true
positives divided by the total number of positive predictions
Bios & Variance Tradeoff
• Bias: the difference between the prediction of the
values by the Machine Learning model and the
correct value.
• Variance: the amount by which the performance of
a predictive model changes when it is trained on
different subsets of the training data.
Thanks