Earth and Life Science

GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES
11 HUMSS - SOCRATES
GROUP III
by:Raiza Collado
Anita Rose Sabit
Romelyn Dela Peña
Jhuron Dischoso
AJ Marcial
John Loyd Edolmo
Piolo Edquid

Mrs. Mary Joseph Oco

Subject Teacher
LEARNING COMPETENCIES

- Describe where the Earth's internal heat comes from.

(S11/12AS-lb- 14)

- Describe how magma is formed (magmatism).

OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the lesson, you should be able

to:
K. Explain where Earth's internal heat come
from.
S. Enumerate the different ways on how
magma is generated.
Classify magma according to its properties.
A. Recognize the important role of Earth's
internal heat in the natural cycle.
WHAT IS THE
TWO
GEOLOGICAL
PROCESSES?
EXOGENIC PROCESS

Exogenic : Processes occuring on the Earth's

surface and that generally reduce relief. These
processes include weathering and the erosion,
transport, and deposition of soil and rocks;
the primary geomorphic agents driving exogenic
processes are water, ice, and wind.
 ENDOGENIC PROCESS

Endogenic (internal origin) processes are driven

by the internal heat of the Earth, which in turn
results from the radioactive decay of elements
deep beneath the surface. This heat bubbles
upward providing a huge driving force that bends,
cracks, lifts, and moves Earth's rigid outer layer.
 WHAT IS THE
ENDOGENIC AND
EXOGENIC FORCES?
 How hot is the internal of the Earth?

The temperature of the Earth increases as the dept increases

towards the core. Within the crust, the geothermal gradient
of Earth is about 15° to 30°C per km. Then, it drops off
dramatically through the mantle but increases more quickly
at the base increases slowly towards the core. At the base of
the crust, the temperature is approximately 1000°C, about
3500°C at the base of the mantle and is estimated to 6000°C
at the center of the Earth.
What makes the internal of the Earth hot?

The Earth's interior heat come from several

sources which includes heat produced when
the planets formed accreted, frictional
heating and decay of radioactive elements.
 Sources of Earth's Internal Heat

There are three main sources of heat in the deep

earth: (1) heat from when the planet formed
and accreted, which has not yet been lost; (2)
frictional heating, caused by denser core
material sinking to the center of the planet; and
(3) heat from the decay of radioactive elements.
Heat from the Formation and Accretion of Planet

This source of heat is a leftover

during the formation of planet
around 4.6 billion years ago. It was
thought that planetoids had accreted
from dust, hurtled around the sun,
and crashed into each other to
Figure 1. Theia planet (Mars-sized object) crashing into the Earth
formed planets.
Frictional Heating
Frictional heating, caused by
denser corematerial sunk to the
center of the planet. As it sunk, the
friction may have generated heating
of as much as 2000 Kelvin or
1726.85°C, which is smaller than the
other sources of heat but still
extremely significant.
Heat from the Decay of Radioactive Elements

Radioactive elements are considered

as the major source of Earth's
internal heat. In the early days about
100 million years, its
heat was dominated by short-half-life
radioisotopes such as aluminium-26,
cesium-135, hafnium-182, iron-60,
neptunium237,
technetium-97, and plutonium-244.
When it decays, it releases high
amount of energy.
GROU
P III

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HAVE A NICE DAY EVERYONE!