SOCIAL COGNITIVE

THEORY
Social Cognitive Theory

◦ Social Cognitive Theory explains human behavior as a

three way, dynamic, give and take model. This theory
describes three factors that play important roles in gender
take model. This theory describes three factors that play
important roles in gender development. These are personal,
behavioral and environmental.
Social Cognitive Theory

◦ Behavior is about the social world and the influence of

other people’s behavior on our own behavior. The focus is
on shared experiences with others and the molding of a
child’s behavior through the modelling of that behavior by
others and subsequently the imitation of that behavior. This
requires the child to look, remember and do (Hoffnung, et
al., 2019).
Social Cognitive Theory
◦ Modelling, observing and copying behavior are key elements of social
cognitive theory. Teacher behavior has a very significant impact on
student behavior. What teachers do is closely scrutinized by students
therefore it is critical that teachers demonstrate desired behaviors.
Bandura (1986) noted that there were four key components needed for
learning from modelling to be successful. These were attention, retention,
motor reproduction and motivation. Let us look at how the basic
assumptions of social cognitive theory may apply when teaching social
emotional skills to students (Ormrod, 2014, pp. 299-300).
Social Cognitive Theory

◦ People can learn by observing others. While it is

important to make time to explicitly teach social emotional
skills to students it is equally as important to provide them
with opportunities to observe and watch these skills being
modelled.
SOCIOLOGICAL
THEORY
Sociological theory

◦ A sociological theory is a framework or perspective used by

sociologists to understand and interpret social phenomena. It
provides a systematic way to analyze and explain the complexities
of human behavior and social interactions within various social
contexts. Sociological theories aim to uncover patterns, structures,
and processes that shape society and influence individual behavior.
◦ There are several major sociological theories, each with its own
assumptions, concepts, and methodologies.
Sociological theory

◦ Conflict perspective - this theory explains that society is a

stage on which struggles for power and dominance acted
out. This assumption can be applied to the family and by
extensions, to gender roles.
Sociological theory

◦ Structural-Functionalist Perspective – this theory argues

that society is made up of symbiotic parts, which
contributes to the functioning of the whole social stability
and balance.
Sociological theory

◦ Preindustrial Society – During this society, the quality

between men and women was maintained by giving them
different task. The hunting gathering and subsistence
farming activities of the most preindustrial societies, role
specialization according to gender was considered a
functional necessity.
Sociological theory

◦ Contemporary Society – in this this society, the father is

expected to converse the integrity of the family by
providing food and shelter to his family. When the mother
takes a dramatic role, she is expected to maintain healthy
relationships and provide emotional support and nurturing
activities the ensure the household runs smoothly.
Sociological theory

◦ Symbolic Interaction Perspective – It asserts that people

do not respond directly to the world around them, but to
the meaning they bring to it. This perspective also explains
that gender roles are learned through socialization process
wherein women are socialized into expressive roles and
men are socialized into instrumental roles.