Lesson 4

Non – State Institutions

Non-state institutions or non-state
actors - are individuals or
organizations that have powerful
economic, political or social power and
are able to influence at a national and
sometimes international level but do
not belong to or allied themselves to
any particular country or state.
 Wendy Pearlman & Kathleen Gallagher
Cunningham
(a professor of political science at Northwest University)

Define as - - -

“an organized political actor (Institution)

not directly connected to the state but
pursuing aims that affect vital state interests”
 Types and Roles of
Non- State Institutions
 No 1. The Sub-state institutions
These are groups of people or individuals with the same
interest not beyond the states that are able to affect the state's
policy.

They are also known as Domestic institutions or actors

They are politically assembled to influence policies through

interest groups, lobbying, donating to political candidates or
parties.

.
 EXAMPLES
> Garment, coconut and tobacco industries in
the Philippines.

> Trade union Congress of the Philippines – is an

organization of workers who have banded
together to achieve common goals such as
protecting the integrity of its trade, achieving
higher pay increasing the number of
employees.
No. 2 Inter-Government Organizations (IGO's):

Are organizations whose members consist of three or

more nations-states.

IGO's are created and joined by states to solve

shared problems which give them authority to make
collective decisions to manage problems on the global
agenda.
2 main types of IGO

1. Global IGO

2. Regional IGO
Global IGO – Are organizations having
universal or nearly universal membership
which means every state is a member
like;
 United Nations (UN),
 World trade organization (WTO),

 International Monetary Fund (IMF) and

many more
Regional IGO – are a subset of states as
members based on a particular interest or
region, such as;

 Association of Southeast Asian Nations

(ASEAN),

 European Union (EU) and many more

Why do states
form IGOs and
work through
them?
According to liberal institutionalism, states form
IGOs because it is in their interest to do so.

With IGOs, certain problems ca be solved easily

and cheaper than without them.

Liberal institutionalism
particularly focuses on
collective problems such as,
 The security delemma
The appeal to executive competitive tariffs
(A tax imposedon imported goods and services)

and
The difficulty in agreeing to protect the
invironment
3. Transnational institutions

An organization is "transnational" rather than

"national" if it carries on significant centrally-
directed operations in the territory of two or
more nation-states.
 2 types of transnational actors
1. Transnational corporations (TNCs) or
Multinational corporations (MNCs)

2. Non governmental organizations

(NGOs)
Types of multinational Corporations
MNCs
i - Industrial corporations, they make
goods in factories in many countries
and sell them to business and
consumers in various countries.
• ex. Sony, Honda, Toyota, Petronas
and many more
ii - Financial corporations, They are
banks. They operate multi-nationally with
more restrictions than industrial
corporations.

• ex. Oversea Chinese Banking

Corporation Limited (OCBC Bank),
Banco de Oro (BDO), Bank of the
Philippines ilands (BPI), Asian
Development Bank and others.
iii - Services, The one that we see around
us every day of our lives such as;

• Mcdonald's fast food chain,

• International airlines like Cebu
pacific
• Security Agencies
• Call centers
• Hilton Hotels & Resorts and many
more
MNCs and other Functions;
• Increasingly powerful as independent
institutions

• They are not controlled by the Government

• The operations support a global business

infrastructure connecting a transnational
community of business people.
• Contribute to their host country’s
development. It will provide job opportunities
for the locals in that state
4. Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs)

NGOs are private international

actors whose members are not states, but
are volunteers from populations of two or
more states who have formed an
organizations to promote their shared
interest and ideals in order to influence
the policies of states governments and
inter-governmental organizations (IGO)
Other Campaigns that the NGO's influences such as;

> Amnesty international

• Prevent end grave abuses of Humans Rights and to demand
justice

> Armed conflict issues like in Syria and Iraq and protection of
civilians

> basic welfare of children

> LGBT rights

> Rights of people with AIDS

> Womens rights

Another kind of NGO is the Religious Movement.
• Is a set of beliefs and ideas administered
politically by a religious group to promote the
principles of conduct.

Religious movement act as a peacemaker between

states

ex. . Pope John Paul the II of Catholic

Church had addresses bishops from
North and South America at Vatican
city to help end of cold war.
5. Political Groups that advocate Violence
(Terrorist) or Violent Non-State
Institutions
They operate in the same manner which
are by interacting both with states and
with relevant populations and
institutions through violence and
planning attacks

These groups held great power and are

able to influence the international
relations between states.
Examples of terrorist that exist today in our
time are the FF;
a. ISIS (Islamic State in Iraq and Syria) – They hired suicide
bombers in other
countries allied of US.,
coordinate their operations through internet and
global bank system.
b. Abu Sayaf Group in the Philippines - A militant group who have
been engage in an insurgency
for an independent province in
Mindanao.
c. NPA in the Philippines
d. Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade (AAMB)
e. al-Mourabitoun
f. al-Qa'ida in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP)
g. Ansar al-Shari'a groups in Libya (ASL)
and many more ~~~~
THANK YOU
Presented by:
Vincent E. Perales

Subject: GED 10

Course: BEED2 2nd year

Topic: Culture

Instructor: Dexter Caballes