CHAPTER 2

Principles
of Interior
& Exterior
Design
What is
Designing?
Designing is a process of creating a plan and specifications for
making or producing an object or space for implementation to
address a specific goal or provide a solution to a particular problem.

01
Importance of Design
in Hospitality &
Tourism industry

Design have a powerful impact on human emotions and

perceptions. This impact will make a first impression
that will eventually imprinted in their minds.

02
Aesthetics
Aesthetics is a quality of an object, person, or space
that is relative to one's perception of things brought
about by their environment. Aesthetics is a
philosophical condition or study of both beauty and
taste.

03
Which room
would you
choose?

04
Elements of
Visual
Design 05
E L E M E N T S Straight Vertical Horizontal
O F V I S U A L
D E S I G N

1. Line
It is a series of points that
create motion. sturdy and masculine; it Expresses the spirit of the represents the horizon of
belongs to architecture; it Gothic; it is proud and the seascape; it is calm and
has its moods. exalted; it is inspirational. peaceful; it is repose.
Diagonal Curved Line

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symbolizes the flight of Graceful and sensitive; it is
geese; it is vigorous or feminine; represents architecture
even angry; it is action. that caters the emotion.
E L E M E N T S C O L O R
O F V I S U A L S C H E M E S
D E S I G N

2. Color
Colors are part of the surroundings, both
Monochromatic Analogous Complementary
in nature and in manmade environments.

Split Triad Tetrad

Complementary

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Square
E L E M E N T S H U E S O F T H E
O F V I S U A L
D E S I G N S P E C T R U M

2. Color
Colors are part of the surroundings, both
a. Primary colors are commonly known as blue,
red, and yellow.
in nature and in manmade environments.
b. Secondary colors are commonly known as green,
violet, and orange.

c. Tertiary colors are the combinations of the

following colors: red-orange, yellow-orange,
yellow-green, blue-green, blue-violet, and red-
violet.

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E L E M E N T S D E C O R AT I V E
O F V I S U A L U S E S & E F F E C T S
D E S I G N O F C O L O R S

2. Color
Colors are part of the surroundings, both
in nature and in manmade environments.
In the composition of architecture, from the exterior,
interior, and to the smallest details of decoration, color
plays an important role.
a. Red-provides a stimulated and cheering feeling in a
seemingly lazy atmosphere. This color may also give a
sense of active feeling or nervousness. It provides
compelling attention and may be used in dining areas;
however, it should be used only in small quantities in
libraries and kitchens.

09
E L E M E N T S D E C O R AT I V E
O F V I S U A L U S E S & E F F E C T S
D E S I G N O F C O L O R S

2. Color
Colors are part of the surroundings, both
b. Blue - provides a feeling of relief from nervousness
and depression. It provides a cooling effect in the space
in nature and in manmade environments.
and a sense of infinity. This color has an intellectual
appeal. Symbolically, it is the color of truth, which
results in calm reflection when there is a heated
argument.

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E L E M E N T S D E C O R AT I V E
O F V I S U A L U S E S & E F F E C T S
D E S I G N O F C O L O R S

2. Color
Colors are part of the surroundings, both
in nature and in manmade environments.
C. Yellow some hues create the sensation of royalty
and glory. It denotes happiness; however, it may also
be a sign of cowardice and cheapness. Studies show
that this color has a healing effect on the brain.

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E L E M E N T S D E C O R AT I V E
O F V I S U A L U S E S & E F F E C T S
D E S I G N O F C O L O R S

2. Color
Colors are part of the surroundings, both d. Green - suggests life and provides a cooling effect.
in nature and in manmade environments. This color is a symbol of serenity and rebirth. It
suggests hope.

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E L E M E N T S D E C O R AT I V E
O F V I S U A L U S E S & E F F E C T S
D E S I G N O F C O L O R S

2. Color
Colors are part of the surroundings, both e. Orange pertains to well-being and energy; however,
in nature and in manmade environments. expansive quantity should be avoided.

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E L E M E N T S D E C O R AT I V E
O F V I S U A L U S E S & E F F E C T S
D E S I G N O F C O L O R S

2. Color
Colors are part of the surroundings, both
in nature and in manmade environments.
f. Brown-if used alone, it gives a sense of depression.
This color is best combined with orange, yellow,
and/or gold. It is suitable for living rooms and
libraries.

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E L E M E N T S D E C O R AT I V E
O F V I S U A L U S E S & E F F E C T S
D E S I G N O F C O L O R S

2. Color
Colors are part of the surroundings, both g. Purple - associated with heroism, passion, mystery,
in nature and in manmade environments. and gorgeousness. It has a soothing influence.

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E L E M E N T S D E C O R AT I V E
O F V I S U A L U S E S & E F F E C T S
D E S I G N O F C O L O R S

2. Color
Colors are part of the surroundings, both h. Pink - provides soothing stimulation when used in a
in nature and in manmade environments. bedroom or nursery. Adding black, white, or gray will
provide intensity to a room.

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E L E M E N T S H O W T O U S E
O F V I S U A L C O L O R
D E S I G N

2. Color
Colors are part of the surroundings, both
In order to create the necessary ambiance to conform
with the theme and concept of a hospitality or tourism
facility, it is important to decide which of the
following is needed:
in nature and in manmade environments.

a. To create a cool or warm atmosphere

b. To create a spacious or a small space
C. To create a dark or bright room
d. To denote as code of function and safety
e. To stimulate or reduce excitability
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E L E M E N T S H O W T O U S E
O F V I S U A L C O L O R
D E S I G N
The common applications of colors in rooms and

2. Color
Colors are part of the surroundings, both
spaces according to the building type are as follows:
a. Offices-cool and pastel
in nature and in manmade environments.
b. Industrial Plants - red for fire equipment,' yellow
for danger areas, green for first-aid stations
C. Residences - varies according to function and style
d. Commercial-stimulating and exciting colors in
lobbies, neutral in corridors
e. Institutional pastel colors
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E L E M E N T S C I R C L E
O F V I S U A L
D E S I G N

3. Form &
Shape
The primary elements of form are points and lines that
create the shape of an object, room, or edifice. From a
single point to a dimensional line, then from a line to a
two-dimensional plane, this would eventually evolve
into a three-dimensional volume. For each element, its
first consideration is its conceptual element, then a
visual element in the vocabulary of architectural
design. 19
E L E M E N T S C Y L I N D E
O F V I S U A L R
D E S I G N

3. Form &
Shape
The primary elements of form are points and lines that
create the shape of an object, room, or edifice. From a
single point to a dimensional line, then from a line to a
two-dimensional plane, this would eventually evolve
into a three-dimensional volume. For each element, its
first consideration is its conceptual element, then a
visual element in the vocabulary of architectural
design. 20
E L E M E N T S S P H E R E
O F V I S U A L
D E S I G N

3. Form &
Shape
The primary elements of form are points and lines that
create the shape of an object, room, or edifice. From a
single point to a dimensional line, then from a line to a
two-dimensional plane, this would eventually evolve
into a three-dimensional volume. For each element, its
first consideration is its conceptual element, then a
visual element in the vocabulary of architectural
design. 21
E L E M E N T S
O F V I S U A L
D E S I G N

3. Texture
This refers to the quality of the surface
treatment. More often than not, texture is
associated with the kind of materials used.
Texture depends on the choice of materials and
how they are used. The materials are indicators
of the character of the final effect and should
complement and supplement the concept of the
facility. 21
E L E M E N T S G E N E R A L
O F V I S U A L L I G H T I N G
D E S I G N
This illuminates the whole space or room.

5. Light
The provision of light in a room
or space can either be manmade
or natural. The choice of lighting
is critical in the translation of any
space or object. Lighting can be
categorized by what the task the
designer wants to achieve.

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E L E M E N T S L I G H T I N G A S
O F V I S U A L A C C E N T
D E S I G N
This type of light provides emphasis to an
object, a space, or sometimes a wall.

5. Light
The provision of light in a room
or space can either be manmade
or natural. The choice of lighting
is critical in the translation of any
space or object. Lighting can be
categorized by what the task the
designer wants to achieve.

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E L E M E N T S L I G H T I N G A S
O F V I S U A L G E N E R AT O R O F M O O D
D E S I G N
This is used to create an ambiance that goes
with the concept of a facility.

5. Light
The provision of light in a room
or space can either be manmade
or natural. The choice of lighting
is critical in the translation of any
space or object. Lighting can be
categorized by what the task the
designer wants to achieve.

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E L E M E N T S C O M P L E X
O F V I S U A L
D E S I G N a composition of several crisscrossing lines that gives
intricacy to the design. It can liven up a group in the right
amount, or it can be overwhelming in a small space.

6. Pattern
Patterns can provide interesting
points in the space. It can give a
sense of direction and dimension
and can produce energy and
vitality.

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E L E M E N T S V E R T I C A L L I N E S
O F V I S U A L
D E S I G N
They are used to add height in a small room.

6. Pattern
Patterns can provide interesting
points in the space. It can give a
sense of direction and dimension
and can produce energy and
vitality.

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E L E M E N T S H O R I Z O N TA L L I N E S
O F V I S U A L
D E S I G N
They can give a sense that the space is bigger or shorten the
height of a tall room.

6. Pattern
Patterns can provide interesting
points in the space. It can give a
sense of direction and dimension
and can produce energy and
vitality.

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E L E M E N T S F L O R A L
O F V I S U A L
D E S I G N
It is a design that shows general and accent lighting.

6. Pattern
Patterns can provide interesting
points in the space. It can give a
sense of direction and dimension
and can produce energy and
vitality.

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E L E M E N T S M O T I F S
O F V I S U A L
D E S I G N They are patterns normally related to an architectural style.

6. Pattern
Patterns can provide interesting
points in the space. It can give a
sense of direction and dimension
and can produce energy and
vitality.

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E L E M E N T S A N I M A L
O F V I S U A L P R I N T S
D E S I G N
These are not limited
to fur or skins; they

6. Pattern can also be a stylized

representation of
animals.

Patterns can provide interesting

points in the space. It can give a
sense of direction and dimension
and can produce energy and
vitality.

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 PRINCIPLES OF
Thank INTERIOR &
EXTERIOR
DESIGN
You!
Presented by Maria Rena Devorah Meramonte