INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATIONS &

IMMERSION (III)
(RESEARCH DESIGN)
Week 6
MR. REGIN ADRIAN V. SUBA
Subject Teacher
REVIEW
Directions: Search for the 12 vocabulary words
related with the literature review.
Answer Key
List 3 words that you can think of based on the illustration
below and explain why you have thought of these 3 words.
 Guide Questions

• 1. What is a research design ?

• 2. What are the 3 mentioned research
designs in the video? Compare these 3 major
designs.
• 3. Why do you need to choose your research
design?
• 4. How will you choose your research design?
 Most Essential Learning Competency

Describes
adequately
research design
(either
quantitative or
qualitative).
 Concepts & Definitions (Edmonds & Kennedy ,2013)
RESEARCH METHOD
This refers to the philosophical, theoretical , conceptual & analytic perspective
of research. It can be quantitative, qualitative or mixed method.
APPROACH
This refers to the first step in creating structure to the design and it details a
conceptual model or framework of how the research will proceed, considering
the objectives and variables of the study.
RESEARCH DESIGN
This refers to the plan, structure, and strategy of investigation so conceived as
to obtain answer to research questions or problems. It is the complete scheme or
program oof the research. It includes an outline of what the investigator will do
from writing the hypothesis & their operational implications to the final analysis
of data ( Kerlinger; in Kumar,2011)
 RESEARCH DESIGN
The research design guides the researcher in planning the
following aspects or procedures of research:
• Identifying the population of the study
• Decision on whether to take the whole population of just select a
sample
• How the sample of the study will be selected
• Ethics in the selection of samples and data gathering
• Choice of method in data collection
• Consideration in the use of questionnaires
• How interviews will be conducted
Based on the illustrations, compare the dialogue.
 Quantitative Research
• Uses numerical data to formulate facts and reveal patterns in research
(Defranzo, 2011)
• can be used to establish generalizable facts or confirm theories and
assumptions about a topic (Streefkerk, 2020).
• Examples of quantitative methods include: structured, unmoderated
testing, surveys, and questionnaires.
• Data from experimental set-ups may also be used in quantitative
research.
• used to generate numerical data which can then be analyzed statistically.
• used to measure attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and other defined factors
quantitatively.
• can generalize results from a larger sample population.
 Qualitative Research
• is used to gather in-depth insights on perceptions,
concepts, thoughts or experiences regarding topics that
invite further investigation (Streefkerk, 2020).
• Qualitative methods include observation, interview,
ethnographic studies, diary and case studies, and focus
group discussion.
• This type of research is primarily exploratory. It allows for
the better understanding of insights, thoughts, opinions,
reasonings and motivations (Defranzo, 2011)
 When to use Quantitative Research Method
• 1.To gather insights where the size and range of the population can be expanded.
• 2. To present conclusions and recommendations that can be projected into a larger
population.
• 3. To see the big picture.
• 4. To gather data on “how many” and use it to confirm a hypothesis.
• 5. When methodologies to be used are structured and would be consistent
throughout the data collection procedure.
• 6. When a questionnaire includes closed-ended questions where the answers can
be converted to numerical data.
• 7. To look for cause and effect relationships which can be used to make predictions
in the gathered data or a larger population.
• 8. The data received is statistically valid and can be generalized to the entire
population being studied
 When to use Qualitative Research
• 1.To gather perceptions, insights and feedback from a relatively small group of
respondents.
• 2. To gather data from a specified population answering How, When, Where and
Why type of questions.
• 3. When there is no right or wrong response from the participants. The researcher
has no idea of what to expect regarding the responses and records different types
of gathered data.
• 4. To dig deeper into issues of interest, including detailed analysis of the results.
• 5. To do in-depth analysis on issues affecting specific groups through interviews,
uninterrupted observations or ethnographic participation.
• 6. To start a research about problems or about what people think about. This idea
can later become hypotheses.
• 7. To understand the respondents or participants through their honest opinions
that may help point out blind spots.
 The advantage and disadvantage of quantitative research
(Booker, 2017)
Advantage
● Objectivity: Quantitative research uses numerical data, leading to results
that are clear and are difficult to misinterpret. The methodology can also be
easily repeated, and the researcher can reliably track changes over time.
● Easy to analyze: Numerical data can be subjected to statistical analysis to
gain more understanding of the data.
● Quick: Closed type of questions that require specific answers are used. Data
is generated fast because respondents find it easier to answer.
● Ability to generalize: When the survey involves a statistically valid random
sample, researchers can generalize on the findings beyond the sample group
 The advantage and disadvantage of quantitative
research (Booker, 2017)
Disadvantage
● Big sample needed: Quantitative research requires a large sample to be able
to deliver reliable results because a larger the sample would yield a more
statistically accurate outcome.
● Limited answers: It does not permit free text responses which would mean
that it could be missing contextual details.
● Potential for bias: Some respondents may have characteristics that are not
applicable to the population, creating potential bias in the study.
● Wording is crucial: It is necessary that the researcher asks the appropriate
questions to have confidence in the data to be gathered.
 The Advantage and Disadvantage of Qualitative
Research
Advantage
● More detailed: Qualitative research offers in-depth analysis and
more detailed understanding of a particular topic.
● Unprompted feedback: It is unlikely to be biased as it uses open-
ended questions that gather a variety of responses.
● Taps participants creativity: Respondents’ answers may vary, and
generated suggestions may be used to create solutions for a certain
problem at hand.
● Smaller sample needed: It can be conducted even in a small
sample.
 The Advantage and Disadvantage of Qualitative
Research
Disadvantage
• Less measurable: Free text responses are difficult to quantify, making the
gathered data less accessible for statistical analysis.
• Results may not be applicable to a larger population: As qualitative research
does not provide statistically strong findings; its conclusions may not be
applicable to a broader audience. However, this can be addressed by
including quantitative analysis in the study
• Not repeatable: Proponents may not be able to gather similar results as
responses of different groups may vary and it may be difficult to keep track
of changes over time.
Basic rule in using qualitative or quantitative
data
• When confirming or testing a • When you want to understand
theory or hypothesis, use concepts, thoughts or
quantitative research. experiences, use qualitative
research.
 Quantitative Research Qualitative Research
Focus: testing theories or hypotheses Focus: exploring ideas, formulating theory
or hypothesis

Uses statistics for analysis Analyzed by summarizing, coding and

interpreting

Mainly expressed in numerical data Mainly expressed in free text

Requires large number of respondents Requires relatively few respondents

Closed type or fixed answer type of Open-ended questions

questions
Key terms include testing, measurement, Key terms include understanding, context,
objectivity, replicability complexity, subjectivity
 Research
Design

Data Population
Analysis & & Sampling
Procedure Technique

Methodology

Data
Research
Gathering
Locale
Procedure
Research
Instruments
&
Techniques
Parts of Chapter 3
 Additional Activity
Write TRUE OR FALSE.
1. If the research is focused on people’s experiences on a
certain phenomenon , qualitative research design is suitable.
2. Quantitative research uses numerical data to reveal patterns.
3. Big sample is needed in a qualitative research design.
4. Data is generated fast because quantitative research uses
closed ended questionnaire.
5. It is better to use qualitative research when confirming
theory or hypothesis.
 Additional Activity
Write TRUE OR FALSE.
1. If the research is focused on people’s experiences on a
certain phenomenon , qualitative research design is suitable.
T
2. Quantitative research uses numerical data to reveal patterns.
T
3. Big sample is needed in a qualitative research design. F
4. Data is generated fast because quantitative research uses
closed ended questionnaire. T
5. It is better to use qualitative research when confirming
theory or hypothesis. F
What have you learned?