EXPERIMENTAL MODULE-4

MODULE-4

TECHNIQUE
Topic : Describe and explain methods of purification
Methods of
Separation by the use of a suitable solvent, filtration,
Module - 3
crystallisation and distillation (including use
of a fractionating column)

Suggest suitable purification techniques, given

information about the substances involved

Syllabus reference 2.2 2

Self evaluation of Chromatography worksheet 15 minutes
 Watch the video presentation and make notes- 20 minutes
 Doubts clarification -15 minutes
 Worksheet module -3 to be done as Homework
Marking scheme will be discussed in Module-4
 SEPARATION METHODS

MAGNETIC SEPARATION DISTILLATION

DENCANTATION ,SEDIMENTATION &

FILTRATION FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION

CRYSTALLISATION CENTRIFUGATION
MAGNETIC SEPARATION

Iron and Sulphur –Chemical

change
Sedimentation, Decantation & Filtration
Sedimentation – Settling down of
heavier particles or solids from a
mixture e.x -Sand settles down from a
mixture of sand and water

Decantation –Pouring out of upper clear

liquid into another beaker to separate the
liquid ex - Water poured out from
mixture of sand and water)

Decant means Pour off liquid

Fitration - Used to separate

an undissolved solid from a solution e.x
- Separation of sand from a mixture of
sand and water
 CRYSTALLISATI
ON
Make a solution of The solution is
COPPER (II) heated, allowing Test if the solution
SULPHATE by the solvent to is saturated by
dissolving few evaporate to leave dipping a clean,
grams of it in water. a saturated dry, cold glass rod
solution behind into the solution. The saturated
If the solution is solution is
allowed to cool
saturated, crystals
slowly and solids
will form on the
will crystallise
glass rod.
out. Remove the
crystals by
fitration.The
d s t o b e less crystal are dried
b l e s o lids ten peratures. in hot sun
Solu w e r tem
soluble
a t l o
b e e x tracted
h s o l i d s can
Suc sol u t ion by
S
from IT tion
lisa
Crystal
DIAGRAM

Pure Copper
sulphate crystals
are formed
 A s i mple
de nser- c o ol and
co n dt o
Liebig r design use is
se . it
conden hot vapour jacket
se er
conden ed by a wat
nd
surrou

Process used
to obtain the
solvent from
solution

Distillation of water from salt water

SIMPLE
Separate the mixture of two miscible liquids
DISTILLATION where difference between their boiling points is
at least 25 ºC.
Acetone and water are miscible liquids also the
difference between their boiling point is more
than 25 ºC so they can be separated by the
method of simple distillation.

Pour the mixture in the distillation flask fit it with the

thermometer
Arrange the apparatus as shown in the given figure.
Heat the mixture slowly keeping a close watch on the
thermometer.
Since the acetone has lower boiling point starts
vapourising and condenses in the condenser which is
finally collected in the beaker.
Glass beads

To separate two or more

miscible liquids (e.g.
mixture of ethanol and
water
 The basic principle of this type of distillation is that different liquids
boil and evaporate at different temperatures. So when the mixture
is heated, the substance with lower boiling point starts to boil first
and convert into vapours. Vapours will pass through a condenser,
E where they cool and condense, turning into a liquid and that will be
U R
D collected in a beaker.
C E
O
PR

For water and ethanol: Ethanol has a boiling point of 78 ºC and

water of 100 ºC. The mixture is heated until it reaches 78 ºC, at
which point the ethanol boils and distills out of the mixture and
ng condenses into the beaker. The temperature is maintained at 78°C
i l i
bo until no more liquid is collected in the beaker.
e in
c
fe ren f the d is
Dif nts o liqui
poi cible 25 ºC
s
mi than When the temperature starts to
s
l es
increase to 100 ºC heating should
be stopped. Water and ethanol
are now separated.
Separating funnel

Can Method Heavier

separate two based on liquid can be
immiscible density of the collected
liquids liquids. first
 CENTRIFUGATION

Centrifugation is the method

of separating two substances
with different densities, by
rapidly rotating it in a
circular motion which
eventually, separates the less
dense from more denser.
Application :To separate
blood from blood plasma and
Cream from milk

CENTRIFUGE