Solution Manual for Chemistry for Today General

Organic and Biochemistry Hybrid 8th Edition by Seager

Slabaugh ISBN 1285185978 9781285185972
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Chapter 7—Solutions and Colloids

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A solution is made by dissolving a small amount of salt in a beaker of water. The water
is referred to as the
a. precipitate. b. filtrate. c. solvent. d. solute.
ANS: C PTS: 1

2. Which of the following statements relating to a solution is not correct?

a. A solution may contain more than one solute.
b. A solution may contain only one solute.
c. Water is always the solvent in a solution.
d. More than one correct response given.
ANS: D PTS: 1

3. Suppose a solution contains 200 g water and 15 g glucose. Which of the following
statements is true?
a. Glucose would be classified as the solvent.
b. Water would be classified as the solvent.
c. Either component could be classified as the solvent.
d. More than one response is correct.
ANS: B PTS: 1

4. Which of the following pairs can produce a homogeneous mixture?

a. water and sand c. vinegar and glucose
b. oil and vinegar d. calcium carbonate and water
ANS: C PTS: 1

5. A salt sample is placed into some water and nearly all of it dissolves without stirring
or heating. The resulting solution is
a. saturated. c. unsaturated.
b. supersaturated. d. impossible to determine.
ANS: A PTS: 1
 6. A solution is produced in which water is the solvent and there are four solutes. Which
of the solutes can dissolve better if the solution is heated?
a. oxygen
b. sodium bicarbonate
c. argon
d. more than one response is right
ANS: B PTS: 1

7. A 100 mL sample of a saturated CaSO4 solution is evaporated to dryness. The water

solvent all evaporates and leaves behind a solid residue of CaSO4 that weighs 0.23 g.
The CaSO4 would be classified as
a. insoluble in water. c. soluble in water.
b. slightly soluble in water. d. very soluble in water.
ANS: B PTS: 1

8. You want to remove as much CO2 gas as possible from a water solution. Which of the
following treatments would be most effective?
a. cool the solution c. boil the solution
b. filter the solution d. aerate the solution
ANS: C PTS: 1

9. When will carbon dioxide in a carbonated soft drink dissolve best?

a. after shaking the container c. after cooling the container
b. after heating the container d. after releasing the pressure
ANS: C PTS: 1

10. Iodine, I2, is very slightly soluble in water, a polar solvent, but quite soluble in toluene,
a nonpolar solvent. What can be inferred about the nature of the I2 molecule?
a. It is ionic. c. It is nonpolar.
b. It is polar. d. Nothing can be inferred.
ANS: C PTS: 1

11. Which compound is most soluble in a polar solvent?

a. silver nitrate c. silver carbonate
b. silver chloride d. all are of equal solubility
ANS: A PTS: 1

12. When solid NaOH is dissolved in water, the solution becomes hot. The solution
process is
a. exothermic. c. neither exothermic nor endothermic.
b. endothermic. d. Can't be classified.
ANS: A PTS: 1

13. As NH4NO3 dissolves in water, the resulting solution becomes colder. Which of the
following expressions is most correct?
a.
 b.

c.

d.

ANS: B PTS: 1

14. A solution is made by dissolving 5.84 grams of NaCl in enough distilled water to give a
final volume of 1.00 L. What is the molarity of the solution?
a. 0.100 b. 1.00 c. 0.0250 d. 0.400
ANS: A PTS: 1

15. How many moles of Na2CO3 are needed to react with 750 mL of 0.250 M H2SO4
solution?
Na2CO3 + H2SO4  Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O
a. 3.00  103 b. 0.333 c. 1.33 d. 0.188
ANS: D PTS: 1

16. What is the molarity of a solution containing 0.325 moles of solute in 250 mL of
solution?
a. 1.30  103 b. 1.30 c. 0.769 d. 8.13  102
ANS: B PTS: 1

17. A solution is made by combining 4.00 g of sugar and 100 mL of water (density = 1.00
g/mL). What is the concentration in % w/w?
a. 26.0 b. 4.00 c. 0.0400 d. 3.85
ANS: D PTS: 1

18. What volume of a 10.00% (w/v) solution of sugar is needed to provide 2.00 g of sugar?
a. 0.200 liter b. 1.00 mL c. 20.0 mL d. 5.00 mL
ANS: C PTS: 1

19. A solution is made by dissolving 15.0 mL of oil in enough gasoline to give 50.0 mL of
solution. What is the % (v/v) of oil in the solution?
a. 30.0 b. 23.1 c. 42.9 d. 3.33
ANS: A PTS: 1

20. How many grams of solid KCl are needed to prepare 250 mL of 0.235 M solution?
a. 9.32 b. 31.3 c. 15.6 d. 4.38
ANS: D PTS: 1

21. How many mL of 6.00 M HCl are needed to prepare 1500 mL of 0.200 M HCl solution?
a. 1.80  104 b. 125 c. 2.00  103 d. 50.0
ANS: D PTS: 1

22. Calculate the number of moles of ZnCl, in 100 mL of 0.300 M solution.

a. 3.00  102 b. 0.300 c. 30.0 d. 3.00
 ANS: A PTS: 1

23. A solution is prepared by adding 25.0 mL of 1.30 M AlCl3 solution to a flask, and then
adding enough water to give a final volume of 200.0 mL. What is the molarity of the
solution?
a. 0.260 b. 0.163 c. 6.50 d. 1.24
ANS: B PTS: 1

24. An isotonic salt solution is 0.90% (w/w) NaCl in water. How many grams of NaCl are
contained in 1.00 kg of such a solution?
a. 0.090 b. 0.90 c. 9.0 d. 90
ANS: C PTS: 1

25. What volume of ethyl alcohol is contained in 35 mL (1 oz.) of 86 proof liquor, which is
43% (v/v) alcohol?
a. 30 mL b. 43 mL c. 15 mL d. 37 mL
ANS: C PTS: 1

26. The boiling point of a solution of sugar water is

a. higher than that of pure solvent. c. lower than that of pure solvent.
b. the same as that of pure solvent. d. impossible to determine.
ANS: A PTS: 1

27. The vapor pressure of a pure solvent is

a. higher than that of a solution. c. the same as that of a solution.
b. impossible to determine. d. lower than that of a solution.
ANS: A PTS: 1

28. Two solutions with concentrations of 2% sugar and 4% sugar, respectively, are
separated by a semipermeable membrane. During osmosis, there is a net flow of
a. sugar molecules from the concentrated to the dilute solution.
b. sugar molecules from the dilute to the concentrated solution.
c. water molecules from the concentrated to the dilute solution.
d. water molecules from the dilute to the concentrated solution.
ANS: D PTS: 1

29. Compared to pure water, a salt water solution will have a

a. lower vapor pressure, freezing point and boiling point.
b. higher vapor pressure, freezing point and boiling point.
c. lower vapor pressure and freezing point and a higher boiling point.
d. higher freezing point and a lower vapor pressure and boiling point.
ANS: C PTS: 1

30. A solution is prepared by dissolving 4.66 g of KCl in enough distilled water to give 250
mL of solution. KCl is a strong electrolyte. How will the freezing point of the solution
be different from that of pure water? (Note: Kf for water is 1.86°C/M.)
a. solution will be 0.930°C lower than water
b. solution will be 0.475°C lower than pure water
c. solution will be 0.930°C higher than pure water
 d. solution will be 0.475°C higher than pure water
ANS: A PTS: 1

31. What is the osmotic pressure of a 0.050 M solution of AlCl3 in water that is at 0.00C?
Consider AlCl3 to be a strong electrolyte.
a. 8.5  102 torr c. 2.2 atm
b. 1.1 atm d. 3.4  103 torr
ANS: D PTS: 1

32. Which of the following pairs correctly represent similar functions for a solution
component and a colloid component?
a. solvent/dispersed phase c. solvent/dispersion medium
b. solute/dispersion medium d. more than one response is correct
ANS: C PTS: 1

33. In the colloid known as mayonnaise, the dispersed phase is _____ .

a. a gas b. a liquid c. a solid d. unknown
ANS: B PTS: 1

34. Which of the following tend to stabilize colloids and prevent suspended particles from
settling?
a. presence of emulsifying agents
b. absorption of charges by colloid particles
c. absence of ionic salts
d. more than one response is correct
ANS: D PTS: 1

35. Which of the following pass through both osmotic and dialysis membranes?
a. solvent molecules c. cations
b. large molecules d. anions
ANS: A PTS: 1

36. A 0.9% NaCl (w/w) solution in water is

a. produced by mixing 0.9 moles of NaCl in a 100 moles of water.
b. produced and has the same final volume as a 0.9% solution in ethyl alcohol.
c. a solution that boils at or above 100C.
d. All of these responses are correct.
ANS: C PTS: 1

37. Changes in boiling point, freezing point, and vapor pressure are
a. the same for 2 M NaCl as they are for 2 M CaCl2.
b. the same for 50 mL of 2 M NaCl as they are for 250 mL of 1 M NaCl.
c. the same for 75 mL of 2 M NaCl as they are for 50 mL of 2 M NaOH.
d. the same at 1 atm as at 1.55 atm.
ANS: C PTS: 1

38. The rate of osmosis

a. can be increased by having larger pores in the membrane.
 b. can be increased by removing the membrane.
c. can be increased by an increase in the atmospheric pressure.
d. cannot be increased by any of the responses.
ANS: D PTS: 1

39. The spores from many molds produce an allergic reaction in many individuals. If mold
spores in the air were to be considered a colloid, which technique would remove the
spores best from a functioning air conditioner duct?
a. Place a filter made from woven fiberglass fibers in the duct.
b. Install an electrical device with both positive and negative poles.
c. Install an ultraviolet light producing device in the duct.
d. All of these responses work to the same extent.
ANS: B PTS: 1

40. What is the underlying process involved in dialysis?

a. mixtures are homogenous.
b. osmosis is due to a difference in solution concentrations.
c. pressure is applied to the blood squeezing out the impurities.
d. an electrical potential separates the blood from the impurities.
ANS: B PTS: 1

41. You have a patient who is suffering from the "bends". What gas is in excess in the
blood?
a. nitrogen b. oxygen c. helium d. all of these
ANS: A PTS: 1

42. Express the following concentration of solution in terms of molarity: 3.00 L of solution
contains 1.75 mol of solute.
a. 5.25 M c. 1.71 M
b. 0.583 M d. too little information to know
ANS: B PTS: 1

43. Which of the following is not considered a colligative property?

a. vapor pressure c. conductivity
b. boiling point d. freezing point
ANS: D PTS: 1

44. Drinking water can be purified by which of the following methods?

a. reverse osmosis c. ion exchange
b. distillation d. all of the choices
ANS: D PTS: 1

45. Which of the following would be considered a strong electrolyte?

a. salt c. acetic acid
b. sugar d. all of the choices
ANS: A PTS: 1

46. The ability to see the scattering of light when passed through a colloid is known as
 a. the dispersing effect. c. an emulsifying agent.
b. a scattering ratio. d. the Tyndall effect.
ANS: D PTS: 1

47. An ion in solution that is surrounded by water is a(n) ____ ion.

a. hydrated b. osmotic c. saturated d. colloid
ANS: A PTS: 1

48. When a patient's blood electrolyte levels are evaluated, sodium, chloride and
bicarbonate ions are commonly measured and the difference in the total positive and
negative charges calculated. This difference is called the
a. ionic ratio. c. electromotive constant.
b. isoelectric point. d. anion gap.
ANS: D PTS: 1

49. A colligative property

a. will only occur for aqueous solutions.
b. depends only on the number of species added to a solution.
c. results from increasing vapor pressure as a solute is added to a solvent.
d. All of the choices.
ANS: B PTS: 1

50. One test to determine if a mixture is a true solution or a colloid is ____.

a. physical state of the mixture c. light scattering
b. boiling point elevation d. color
ANS: C PTS: 1

51. When sodium acetate dissolves in water, the following reaction occurs.

This solution could be used

a. in a hot pack. c. either a hot pack or cold pack.
b. in a cold pack. d. neither a hot pack or cold pack.
ANS: B PTS: 1

52. The primary intermolecular attractions between CH3–OH and H2O are
a. hydrogen bonds. c. covalent bonds.
b. dispersion forces. d. dipolar forces.
ANS: A PTS: 1

53. Which of the following correctly arranges 1.00 M solutions of the strong electrolytes in
order of increasing boiling point (lowest to highest)?
a. c.
b. d. All have the same boiling point.

ANS: B PTS: 1

54. The cleaning action of soaps and detergents is attributable to

a. their ionic character.
 b. the long hydrocarbon tail in their structure.
c. their ability to dissociate into ions.
d. all of the above.
ANS: D PTS: 1

55. A solution is prepared at 75 °C by dissolving 50.0 g of A in 100 g of water. Which of

the following correctly classifies this solution based on the solubility chart for A given
below?

a. saturated b. unsaturated c. supersaturated d. immiscible

ANS: B PTS: 1

56. A solution is prepared at 75 °C by dissolving 50.0 g of A in 100 g of water. When

this solution is cooled to 15 °C what happens based on the following solubility plot for
A.

a. Solid A crystallizes and the solution is unsaturated.

b. Solid A dissolves and the solution is supersaturated.
c. Solid A crystallizes and the solution is saturated.
d. Solid A dissolves and the solution is unsaturated.
ANS: C PTS: 1

57. When making some iced tea, you find that you can dissolve 100 grams of table sugar
in a liter of tea at 20 oC. Based on this, what did you learn?
a. Based on the solubility, tea must be a nonpolar solvent.
b. The solubility of table sugar in tea at 20 oC is 100 g/L
c. Table sugar must be a strong electrolyte.
 d. You can dissolved 100 grams of sugar in tea at 20 oC
ANS: D PTS: 1

58. During a surgical procedure, a wound was accidentally irrigated with deionized water,
instead of normal saline. What would one expect to happen?
a. There would be a net movement of water into the exposed tissue.
b. Water would move out of the exposed tissue.
c. Sodium ions would migrate out of the exposed cells.
d. There would be no net effect since the solution was added externally.
ANS: B PTS: 1

59. Citric acid, a natural food preservative, accounts for the tartness of citrus fruits. It is
shown below. About 730 g of this material can be dissolved in water, making a liter of
solution. However, only about 1.5% of it dissociates. As such, it would be
considered a _____.

a. nonelectrolyte c. pseudoelectrolyte
b. strong electrolyte d. weak electrolyte
ANS: D PTS: 1

60. You discover that your roommate has left a half-full bottle of cola on the kitchen
counter without replacing the cap - AGAIN!. Not surprisingly, the cola is now flat (all
carbonation is gone). Why did this happen?
a. The solubility of the carbon dioxide gas in the cola has decreased due to it being
left at a lower pressure.
b. Warm bottles of cola will lose their carbonation faster than cold ones, even if the
lid had been left on.
c. Oxygen in the atmosphere reacts with the cola, eliminating the carbonation.
d. The solubility of the carbon dioxide gas diffuses through the wall of the bottle.
ANS: A PTS: 1

61. 25 g of ethyl alcohol is dissolved in 100 ml of water (density = 0.99993 at 20 oC). What
is the % w/w for the ethyl alcohol in the resulting solution?
a. 10% b. 20% c. 25% d. 50%
ANS: B PTS: 1

TRUE/FALSE

1. Polar substances tend to dissolve in non-polar solvents.

ANS: F PTS: 1

2. All ionic compounds are soluble in water.

ANS: F PTS: 1
 3. Attractive forces between solute and solvent molecules are an important factor in
solution formation.

ANS: T PTS: 1

4. Oil should be a good solvent for polar compounds.

ANS: F PTS: 1

5. Ionic compounds are generally insoluble in non-polar solvents.

ANS: T PTS: 1

6. Rock candy (large table sugar crystals) can be produced by allowing a hot, saturated
solution of sugar in water to cool off.

ANS: T PTS: 1

7. The solubility of a substance can be measured in grams substance dissolved per liter
of water. This is the same as expressing solubility in moles per liter.

ANS: F PTS: 1

8. The more soluble a substance is, the faster it will dissolve.

ANS: F PTS: 1

9. Weight-volume percentage solutions must be made in 100 mL increments.

ANS: F PTS: 1

10. There is a 12 M aqueous HCl solution in the stock room, but a 6 M solution is required
for an experiment. Doubling the volume of a 12 M sample with water will produce a 6 M
solution.

ANS: T PTS: 1

11. Light scattering is an effective way to distinguish between true solutions and colloidal
dispersions.

ANS: T PTS: 1

12. Colloids can be stabilized by emulsifying agents.

ANS: T PTS: 1

13. Colloids are considered to be homogenous mixtures.

ANS: T PTS: 1

14. A mixture of sand and water would be an example of a colloidal suspension.

ANS: F PTS: 1
15. Putting a celery stick in distilled water results in the uptake of water by the celery.

ANS: T PTS: 1

16. Solvents and hydrated ions can usually pass though dialyzing membranes

ANS: T PTS: 1

17. Dialysis can be used to separate solutions from colloids.

ANS: T PTS: 1

18. Dialysis and osmosis are used for the same purposes.

ANS: F PTS: 1

19. The solubility of gases in water increases with increasing temperature.

ANS: F PTS: 1

20. Emulsions are destroyed by adding salt.

ANS: T PTS: 1

21. The %(w/v) of a solution is defined as:

ANS: F PTS: 1

22. When preparing a 2.00 M solution of NaCl in water, a volumetric flask could be used to
measure the volume of the solution.

ANS: T PTS: 1

23. The freezing point of a 0.500 M solution of sugar and a 0.500 M solution of KCl in water
would be the same.

ANS: F PTS: 1

24. The following equation can be used when C represents either a M or %(w/w)
concentration.
CcVc = CdVd

ANS: F PTS: 1

25. The dispersing medium in a colloid is analogous to the solvent in a solution.

ANS: T PTS: 1

26. When preparing an aqueous solution of a salt, one must always be able to observe
some undissolved material to be sure that it is saturated.

ANS: T PTS: 1
27. When an ionic substance dissolves, the solvated ions will all always be surrounded by
water molecules.

ANS: T PTS: 1

28. The longer it takes for a substance to dissolve to form a solution, the lower its
solubility will be.

ANS: F PTS: 1