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OTHER WAYS TO
SEPARATE
SUSPENSIONS
AND COLLOIDS
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FILTRATION
Its just like coffee,
the filter paper
has much finer
holes through
which water.
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CLEANING
WATER BY
FILTRATION
In cities, water is treated
and processed to provide
clean water for many homes
and businesses. Filtration
is an important process in
water treatment facilities.
Whenever the dirty water is
a suspension or colloid,
filters take out a lot of
impurities are removed. 3
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CLEANING THE AIR

It is hard to eradicate air
pollution all at once, but the
smoke particles can be
stopped from mixing with
the air through a device
called electrostatic
precipitator . 4 4
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MAKING
LOW FAT MILK
T h e f at c on t e nt o f m i lk f r om c ow s
v ar ie s f r om one an i ma l t o anot he r
a nd fr om d ay t o day f or t he s am e
c ow. H ow ev er. C om m er c i al m il k
p r odu c e r s w ant t he i r mi l k t o ha v e a
c ons is t en t t as t e and t ex t ur e . To
a c hie v e t hi s , t h e mi l k s hou l d b e
h om ogen i z ed . 5 5
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DISTILLATION
Distillation uses boiling to separate
mixtures of liquid solutions. It
takes into account that different
substances in the mixture will have
different boiling points.
For example, if you heat salt water
the water in the solution will boil
before the salt. The water will then
evaporate leaving the salt behind.
If the steam from the water is
collected it will turn back into
liquid as it cools. This cooled
water will be pure water without
any salt.

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 FRACTIONAL
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DISTILLATION
To s e p a r a t e l i q u i d s o l u t i o n s w h e r e t h e
substances have similar boiling points, a
more complex version of distillation

Fractional distillation is the separation

of a mixture into its component parts, or
fractions. Chemical compounds are
separated by heating them to a
temperature at which one or more
fractions of the mixture will vaporize. It
uses distillation to fractionate. Generally
the component parts have boiling points
that differ by less than 25 °C (45 °F)
from each other under a pressure of one
atmosphere. If the difference in boiling
points is greater than 25 °C, a simple
distillation is typically used. 7 7
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EVAPORATION
This Method is quite
better for Separating
the Mixture of a Solvent
and a Soluble Solid.
This process consists of
heating of the Solution
until and unless the
Solvent evaporates
(turns into gas) which
leaves behind the Solid
Residue.
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COALESCENCE
C o a l e s c e n c e m e a n s c o m i n g t o g e t h e r. I t
refers to small droplets coming into contact
with other droplets and combining to form
larger drops.

The tiny particles must be coalesced into

larger particles that can then be separated
by mass and volume. A suspension is a
mixture of solid particles in a liquid. They
remain suspended because of their small
size and the attractive forces of the liquid
molecules.

In an oil/water mixture, if two oil droplets

are brought into contact with one another
there will exist a separating film of water
between the droplets. 9 9
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Separating Funnel

Tw o L i q u i d s t h a t d o n ’ t d i s s o l v e i n a b e t t e r
way in each other (Immiscible Liquids) can
be able to separate by taking the
A d v a n t a g e o f t h e i r u n e q u a l d e n s i t y.

F o r E x a m p l e , a M i x t u r e o f t h e Wa t e r a n d
Oil can be separated by this Method.

1010
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SUBLIMATION
Process by which molecules go directly from
solid into the vapor or gas phase.
The most well-known example of sublimation is
dry ice. Of course, dry ice is not actually ice, it
is frozen CO2. The CO2 sublimates at room
temperature.
Other examples include air fresheners. The
solid in an air freshener can sublimate in order
to make the room smell nice. Naphthalene,
which is used to make moth balls, is another
example of odorous sublimation. It sublimates
q u i c k l y, a n d t h e s m e l l k e e p s t h e m o t h s a w a y.
Another example is medication. Often
medication bottles will say that you should keep
them in a cool place or at room temperature.
This is because there is a possibility that some
of the components involved could sublimate if
they get heated up too much.
1111
 Masks we are using usually have 3 layers

Click to edit Master title style where one has activated carbon granules or

a f i l t e r s h e e t t h a t s e r v e s a s a p u r i f i e r. I t

ADSORPTION
allows clean air to reach our nostrils by

adsorbing the dust and smoke particles. The

activated carbon element or the filter sheet

is the adsorbent

The property of a solid or liquid to

attract and hold to its surface a gas,
liquid, solute, or suspension.

A process in which molecules dissolved

in plasma or blood (in particular
peptides and proteins) bind to the
membrane structure or to other
adsorbing substances such as charcoal,
resins, or gels.
1212
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ADSORPTION
The property of a solid or liquid to attract and hold to
Misty Window
its surface a gas, liquid, solute, or suspension. Water vapor deposited
on window surface
A process in which molecules dissolved in plasma or
blood (in particular peptides and proteins) bind to the
membrane structure or to other adsorbing substances
such as charcoal, resins, or gels.
Certain highly porous solid materials have the ability to
select and adsorb specific types of molecules, thus
separating them from other materials.  
S i l i c a g e l  i s u s e d i n t h i s w a y t o s e p a r a t e a r o m a t i c s
f r o m o t h e r h y d r o c a r b o n s , a n d a c t i v a t e d   c h a r c o a l  i s
used to remove liquid components from gases.   1313
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CRYSTALLIZATION
T h e s o l i d i fi c a t i o n o f a l i q u i d s u b s t a n c e i n t o
a highly structured solid whose atoms or
m o l e c u l e s a r e p l a c e d i n a w e l l - d e fi n e d
three-dimensional crystal lattice.
The smallest individual part of a crystal is
called a unit cell. The crystal is made up of
millions of such unit cells.
Crystallization is a separation technique in
order to obtain pure crystals of a substance
from an impure mixture.
I t i s u s e t o o b t a i n p u r e s a l t f r o m s e a w a t e r.
Used to obtain pure alum crystals from an
impure alum. Sugar
Known to be more effective than
evaporation since it also removes the
Crystallization
soluble impurities. 1414