ENDOPLASMIC

RETICULUM
CONTENTS
01 ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM

02 TYPES OF
ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM

03 FUNCTIONS OF
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

04 FUNCTIONS OF SMOOTH
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
❑ Endoplasmic reticulum is a network of tubular and microsomal vesicular
structures which are interconnected with one another.

❑ It is covered by a limiting membrane which is formed by proteins and bilayered

lipids.

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
The lumen of endoplasmic reticulum contains a fluid
medium called endoplasmic matrix.

The diameter of the lumen is about 400 to 700Å.

ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
 The endoplasmic reticulum forms the link between

ENDOPLASMIC nucleus and cell membrane by connecting the cell

membrane with the nuclear membrane.
RETICULUM
ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
TYPES OF ER

ROUGH
ENDOPLASMI
C RETICULUM

SMOOTH
ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
 TYPES OF ER
Both the types are interconnected and
continuous with one another. Depending
upon the activities of the cells, the rough
endoplasmic reticulum changes to smooth
endoplasmic reticulum and vice versa.
ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

It is the endoplasmic reticulum with rough, bumpy or

bead-like appearance.

Rough appearance is due to the attachment of granular

ribosomes to its outer surface.

It is also called the granular endoplasmic reticulum.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum is vesicular or tubular in

structure
FUNCTIONS OF ROUGH ER

01
SYNTHESIS OF
PROTEINS

02
DEGRADATION OF
WORN-OUT
ORGANELLES
SYNTHESIS OF
PROTEINS
Rough endoplasmic reticulum is
concerned with the synthesis of
proteins in the cell.
It is involved with the synthesis of mainly those
proteins which are secreted from the cells such as
insulin from β­cells of islets of Langerhans in
pancreas and antibodies from B lymphocytes.
SYNTHESIS OF
PROTEINS

Here, the carbohydrates are added to the

Ribosomes arrange the amino acids into
protein units forming the glycosylated
small units of proteins and transport them
proteins or glycoproteins, which are
into the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
arranged in the form of reticular vesicles.
These vesicles are transported
mainly to Golgi apparatus for
further modification and processing.

Few vesicles are transported to

other cytoplasmic organelles.
DEGRADATION OF WORN-
OUT ORGANELLES

Rough endoplasmic reticulum also plays an important role

1
in the degradation of worn-out cytoplasmic organelles like
mitochondria.

It wraps itself around the wornout organelles and forms a

2
vacuole which is often called the autophagosome.

3 Autophagosome is digested by lysosomal

enzymes
SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
It is the endoplasmic reticulum with
1
smooth appearance.

2 It is also called agranular

reticulum.

It is formed by many
interconnected tubules. So, it
3 is also called tubular
endoplasmic reticulum.
FUNCTIONS OF SMOOTH
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

01 02 03 04

Synthesis of non- Role in cellular Storage and Catabolism and

protein substance metabolism metabolism of detoxification
calcium
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is In most of the other cells, smooth
responsible for synthesis of non- endoplasmic reticulum is less extensive SYNTHESIS OF
protein substances such as than the rough endoplasmic reticulum. NON-PROTEIN
cholesterol and steroid. SUBSTANCE

1 2 3

This type of endoplasmic reticulum is abundant in cells that

are involved in the synthesis of lipids, phospholipids,
lipoprotein substances, steroid hormones, sebum, etc.
ROLE IN CELLULAR
METABOLISM

Outer surface of smooth endoplasmic

reticulum contains many enzymes
which are involved in various
metabolic processes of the cell.
 STORAGE AND
METABOLISM OF CALCIUM

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the major site of storage and

metabolism of calcium.

In skeletal muscle fibers, it releases calcium which is necessary

to trigger the muscle contraction.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is CATABOLISM AND
also concerned with catabolism and DETOXIFICATION
detoxification of toxic substances
like some drugs and carcinogens
Your Picture (cancer-producing substances) in the
Here
liver
THANK YOU