Anatomical

Terminology

Skeletal System
 Body Cavities

T
T A
A

T A
Body Direction and Location

Anterior Inferior
Posterior Superior
Caudal Lateral
Cranial Medial
Proximal Rostral
Distal Palmar
Dorsal Plantar
Ventral Prone
Supine
Body Planes

Transverse
Plane

http://www.spineuniverse.com/displayarticle.php/article1023.html
 l e t a l
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Th
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Bone Classification - Appearance
Bone Classification - Shape

Long Short

Flat Irregular
 Bone Morphology

Foramen

Condyle

Meatus

Tuber(osity)

Process
Joints
http://cellbio.utmb.edu/microanatomy/bone/compact_bone_histology.htm
AXIAL SKELETON
= skull, vertebrae, ribs and sternum
AXIAL SKELETON
= skull, vertebrae, ribs and sternum

APPENDICULAR SKELETON
= bones that make up the appendages
AXIAL SKELETON
= skull, vertebrae, ribs and sternum

APPENDICULAR SKELETON
= bones that make up the appendages

Pectoral limb – arms, forelegs, wings

and the scapula

Pelvic limb – legs or hind legs and the

pelvis
Pectoral limb – arms, forelegs, wings
and the scapula
humerus carpals
radius metacarpals
ulna phalanges
scapula sesamoids

Pelvic limb – legs or hind legs and the

pelvis
pelvis tarsals
femur metatarsals
tibia phalanges
fibula
patella
fabella
BIRDS: SKELETAL ADAPTATIONS FOR FLIGHT
BIRDS: SKELETAL ADAPTATIONS FOR FLIGHT

• Fusion and elimination of bones

BIRDS: SKELETAL ADAPTATIONS FOR FLIGHT

• Fusion and elimination of bones

• Pneumatization
BIRDS: SKELETAL ADAPTATIONS FOR FLIGHT

• Fusion and elimination of bones

• Pneumatization
• Keeled sternum
BIRDS: SKELETAL ADAPTATIONS FOR FLIGHT

• Fusion and elimination of bones

• Pneumatization
• Keeled sternum
• Scapula: narrow, flat rod
BIRDS: SKELETAL ADAPTATIONS FOR FLIGHT

• Fusion and elimination of bones

• Pneumatization
• Keeled sternum
• Scapula: narrow, flat rod
• Skeletal muscle differences