VOLCANO

VOLCANO

is a mountain that opens

downward to a pool of
molten rock below the
surface of the earth.
PACIFIC RING OF FIRE

is a path along the

Pacific Ocean
characterized by active
volcanoes and frequent
earthquakes. The
majority of Earth’s
volcanoes and
earthquakes take place
along the Ring of Fire.
Is a Philippine national institution
dedicated to provide information on the
activities of volcanoes, earthquakes, and
tsunamis, as well as other ...
 Our country has more than a hundred
volcanoes as of 2013. Twenty-four are active
while the rest are inactive.
 CABALIAN VOLCANO

located at San Juan

“Cabalian” Southern Leyte.
The last eruption was in 1820
ACTIVE
z
VOLCANOES IN THE PHILIPPINES
ITEM NAME OF LOCATION RECORD OF
NO.
VOLCANO ERUPTION
1. Babuyan Claro Cagayan in 1917
Luzon
2. Banahaw Laguna and 1909
Quezon in Luzon
3. Biliran (Anas) Leyte in Visayas

4. Bud Dajo Sulu in

Mindanao
5. Bulusan Sorsogon, Bicol
June , 2016
Region in Luzon
ITEM NAME OF VOLCANO LOCATION RECORD OF
NO.
ERUPTION
z

6. Cabalian Southern Leyte in 1820

Visayas

7. Cagua Cagayan in Luzon

8. Camiguin de Babuyanes Cagayan in Luzon

9. Didicas Cagayan in Luzon 1990

10. Hibok-hibok Camiguin in Mindanao 1952

ITEM NAME OF VOLCANO LOCATION RECORD OF
NO.
ERUPTION
11. Iraya Batan Island, Batanes in
Luzon
12. Iriga Camarines Sur in Luzon

13. Isarog Camarines Sur in Luzon

14. Kanlaon Negros Oriental in Visayas 2016

15. Leonard Kniaseff Davao del Norte

16. Makaturing Lanao del Sur 1882

17. Matutum Cotobato in Mindanao

ITE NAME OF LOCATION RECORD OF
M
NO. VOLCANO ERUPTION
18. Mayon Albay, Bicol Region in Luzon January, 2014

19. Musuan Bukidnon in Mindanao 1976

(Calayo)
20. Parker Sarangani Provinces in Mindanao 1641

21. Pinatubo Boundaries of Pampanga, Tarlac 1991

and Zambales in Luzon
22. Ragang Cotobato in Mindanao 1916

23. Smith Babuyan Island Group, Cagayan 1924

in Luzon
24. Taal Batangas in Luzon July, 2009
 MAYON
The most famous active
volcanoes in our country
that has erupted last
May 7, 2013

The most terrible volcano

and the last eruption was
in 1992 and destroyed
the home of 100,000
people.
 CLASSIFICATION OF VOLCANOES

ACTIVE INACTIVE
Those that have a Those that have not
record of eruption within erupted for the last
the last 600 years or 10,000 years and their
those that erupted physical form is being
10,000 years ago based change by agents of
on analysis of their weathering and erosion.
material
 CLASSIFICATICATION OF VOLCANOES
ACCORDING TO ITS SHAPES OF ITS SLOPE
SHIELD VOLCANOES
• Huge gently sloped
volcanoes.
• Include the number of
volcanoes around the world.
• Built by many layers of low
viscous lava flow
• as high as 9000 meters from
the bottom.
Kilauea Volcano of Hawaii Mt. Apo of Philippines
 CINDER VOLCANOES

• also known as SCORIA CONE

• Are built from lava fragment.
They have a steep slope, wide
crater and are the most
abundant of the three major
types of volcano
• As high 1000 to 4000 meters
Paricutin Volcano of Taal Volcano of
Mexico Philippines
COMPOSITE VOLCANOES
• Also known as a STRATO-
VOLCANO
• Are large, nearly perfect
sloped structure formed
from solidification of lava.
• Up to 100 to 5000 meters
high.
 Mayon Volcano of
Mt. Fuji of Japan
Philippines
 VISCOSITY
 Is the property of
the materials to
flow.
 Refers to liquid’s
thickness and
stickiness of the
magma
FACTORS AFFECTS THE VISCOSITY OF MAGMA

1. MAGMA’S TEMPERATURE

2. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

3. AMOUNT OF GASSES
DISSOLVED
 1. MAGMA’S TEMPERATURE

The higher the temperature of magma

is, the lower its viscosity. As lava flows,
it cools and begin to harden, its ability
to flow decreases and eventually stops.
 2. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Magmas with high silica content are

more viscous than those with low silica
content. The magma that contains less
silica is relatively fluid and travels
faster and far before solidifying.
 3. AMOUNT OF GASSES
DISSOLVED

The gas (mainly water vapor) dissolved

in magma tends to increase its ability to
flow. The loss of gases makes magma
more viscous.
TYPES OF VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
a.Phreatic or
.

Hydrothermal

Is a stream-driven
eruption as the hot
rocks come in
contact with water
.Phreatic or
Hydrothermal
 . b. Phreatomagmatic

Is a violent eruption due

to contact with water. It is
short-lived, characterized
by ash columns but may
be an onset of a larger
eruption
 . c. Strombolian

Is a periodic weak
to violent eruption
characterized by
fountain lava
Strombolian
eruption
 d. Vulcanian

Characterized by tall
eruption columns that
reach up to 20km high
with pyroclastic flow of
ashfall
Vulcanian eruption
 e. Plinian

Excessively
explosive type of
eruption of gas
and pyroclastic.
e. Plinian eruption
 SIGNS OF AN IMPENDING VOLCANIC
ERUPTION

1. Increase in the
frequency of
volcanic quakes
with rumbling
sounds;
occurrence of
volcanic tremors
 SIGNS OF AN IMPENDING VOLCANIC
ERUPTION

2. Increased
steaming activity;
change in color of
steam emission
from white to gray
due to entrained
ash
 SIGNS OF AN IMPENDING VOLCANIC
ERUPTION

3. Crater glow due

to the presence of
magma at or near
the creater
 SIGNS OF AN IMPENDING VOLCANIC
ERUPTION

4. Ground
swells( or inflation),
ground tilt and
ground fissuring
due to magma
intrusion
 SIGNS OF AN IMPENDING VOLCANIC
ERUPTION

5. Localized
landslide, rockfalls
and landslide from
the summit area
which are not
attributed to heavy
rains
 SIGNS OF AN IMPENDING VOLCANIC
ERUPTION
6. Noticeable
increase in the
extent of drying
up of vegetation
around the
volcano’s upper
slopes
 SIGNS OF AN IMPENDING VOLCANIC
ERUPTION

7. Increase in the
temperature of hot
springs, wells and
creater lake near
the volcano
 SIGNS OF AN IMPENDING VOLCANIC
ERUPTION

8. Noticeable variation
in the chemical
content of springs,
crater lakes within the
vicinity of the volcano
 SIGNS OF AN IMPENDING VOLCANIC
ERUPTION

9. Drying up of
springs/wells
around the
volcano
 SIGNS OF AN IMPENDING VOLCANIC
ERUPTION

10. Development
of new thermal
areas and/or
reactivitation of
old ones