VOLCANOES

Lesson objectives
a) describe volcanoes as active and
inactive,
b) explain the factors that affect the
magmas viscosity in different
conditions; and
c) demonstrate the effect of volcanic
eruption to the landform of volcano.
1 PICTURE MORE WORDS
GROUP 1 GROUP 2
 Classification of volcanoes

 PHIVOCS adapted a system where the Philippines volcanoes as active or

inactive

 Active volcanoes are those that a record of eruption within the last 600
years or those erupted 10,000 years ago based on analysis of the materials

 Inactive are those that have not erupted for the last 10,000 years and their
physical form is being changed by agents of weathering and erosion.
 List of some volcanoes in the Philippines
VOLCANO LATITUDE LONGITUDE NO. OF LATEST
ERUPTIONS ERUPTON
CABALUYAN 15° 42 120°19 0 -

COCORO 10° 53 121°12 0 -

IRAYA 20°29 122°01 1 1454

KANLAON 10°24 123°7 26 2006 June

MAYON 13°15 123°41 49 2013 May

PULUNG 7°55 124°38 0 -

SMITH 19°32 121°55 6 1924

TAAL 14° 120°59 33 1977

TUMBUROK 11°33 124°26 0 --

UROT 5°59 121°15 0

What is happening inside the
volcano?
Magma inside the volcano has high temperature. As magma
is continuously heated, it goes up. As it rises, gas bubbles are
developed. The gas bubbles are trapped and expanded
causing the molten material to swell also, resulting in a
gradual increase in pressure within the volcano.
Lava may appear to be the primary material ejected from a
volcano
Volcanic landforms and
eruptive styles
 3 general vocanic types
according to the shape of
their cones.
1. Shield volcanoes

2. Cinder cones

3. Composite cones
At the summit there is an opening which may either
be a crater or a caldera.
Crater and Caldera
Crater is a funnel shaped opening at the top of
a volcano while a caldera is formed when a
part of the wall collapses following an
explosive eruption.
 Factors affect the volcanoes
eruptive style.
1. Magmas temperature

2. Chemical composition

3. The amount of dissolved gasses it contains

Viscosity
The property of the materials resistance to flow. It
also describe as the liquids thickness and stickiness.
The more viscous and thicker the material is, the
greater is its resistance to flow.
Magmas temperature
The viscosity of magma decreases with
temperature.
The higher the temperature of magma is, the lower
its viscosity is. As lava flows, it cools and begins to
harden, its ability to flow decreases and eventually
stops.
Magmas composition
Magmas with high silica content are more viscous
than those with silica content. The magma that
contains less silica is relatively fluid and travels far
before solidifying.
Amount of gasses
Gas dissolved in magma tends to increase its ability
to flow. Therefore, the loss of gases makes magma
more viscous, forming a dome or a columnar.
Guided question:

1. Is your prediction is correct?

2. Which liquid is viscous? Why?
3. Which liquid is the least viscous? Why?
4. What happened to the viscosity of glue
when blowing some air using straw; and
when blowing harder using straw?
Match up the key word that is being
describe in each statement.

CRATER WHERE THE MAGMA STORED IN VOLCANO

LAVA THE MAIN LEAVING POINT FOR A MAGMA

CALDERA A LARGE VOLCANIC CRATER

MAGMA
CHAMBER A FUNNEL SHAPE OPENING AT THE TOP OF VOLCANO

VOLCANO OPENING IN THE EARTH’S SURFACE